Origin and distribution of surface sediments in the Grgur Channel, Adriatic Sea, Croatia
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Published:
Feb 28, 2009
Keywords:
Late Pleistocene, Holocene, gravel, depositional environments, Kvarner
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Abstract
Granulometrical, mineralogical and morphological investigation of the sea-bottom sediments in the Grgur Channel revealed five sediment types; the most frequent of them are muds containing some amount of coarse sediment fractions (sand and gravel). The coarsest fractions are prevalently composed of recent shell fragments. Unexpected well rounded carbonate gravel was found SE of the Prvić Island at 83 m of water depth. This gravel was presumably transported, shaped and deposited during a lowstanding sea-level by stream and/or in beach environment. Fine-grained fractions have siliciclastic composition and show a prevalenty terrigenous origin. One part of the fine-grained fraction originates from recent subaerial weathering of flysch outcrops and the other from subaerial erosion of presently submerged flysch outcrops active during a lower sea-level. Due to the rapid Late Pleistocene-Holocene transgression, the investigated sediments are now below the present wave-base. Due to the presumed very low or even negligible recent sedimentation in the study area, older sediments in the Grgur Channel remain uncovered and mixed by burrowing organisms. Therefore, analyzed surface sediments from the Grgur Channel are considered as a mixture of recent and subrecent deposits. By this investigation, a new seabed sediments map of the Grgur Channel was produced, as an improvement of the existing sedimentological map of the Kvarner area.
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References
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BALLARD, R.D., COLEMAN, D.F. & ROSENBERG, G.D. (2000): Further evidence of abrupt Holocene drowning of the Black Sea shelf.– Mar. Geol., 170, 253–261. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(00) 00108-0
BENAC, Č. (1992): Recentni geomorfološki procesi i oblici u području Riječkog zaljeva [The recent geomorphological processes in the area of the Rijeka Bay – in Croatian].– Geogr. Glas., 54, 1–18.
BENAC, Č. & JURAČIĆ, M. (1998): Geomorphological indicators of the sea level changes during Upper Pleistocene (Würm) and Holocene in the Kvarner region (NE Adriatic Sea).– Acta Geogr. Croat., 33, 27–45.
BLAŠKOVIĆ, I. (1999): Tectonics of part of the Vinodol Valley within the model of the continental crust subduction.– Geol. Croat., 52/2, 153–189.
BRAMBATI, A. & VENZO, G.A. (1967): Recent sedimentation in the Northern Adriatic Sea between Venice and Trieste.– Studi Trentini. Sci. Nat., 44, 202–274.
BRAMBATI, A., CIABATTI, M., FANZUTTI, G.P., MARABINI, F. & MAROCCO, R. (1983): A new sedimentological textural map of the Northern and central Adriatic Sea.– Boll. Ocean. Teor. Appl., 1/4, 267–271.
BRAMBATI, A., CIABATTI, M., FANZUTTI, G.P., MARABINI, F. & MAROCCO, R. (1988a): Carta sedimentologica dell’ Adriatico cen-trale, 1:250000.– Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche.
BRAMBATI, A., CIABATTI, M., FANZUTTI, G.P., MARABINI, F. & MAROCCO, R. (1988b): Carta sedimentologica dell’ Adriatico centrale, 1:250000.– Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche.
CHAIX, C. & CAHUZAC, B. (2005): Les faunes de Scléractiniaires dans les faluns du Miocčne moyen d’Atlantique-Est (bassins de la Loire et d’Aquitaine): paléobiogéographie et évolution climatique [The faunas of Scleractinian corals in the faluns of the Eastern Atlantic Middle Miocene (Loire and Aquitaine Basins): paleobio-geography and climatic evolution – in Italian].– Ann. Paléont., 91, 33–72.
CORREGGIARI, A., ROVERI, M. & TRINCARDI, F. (1996): Late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the north Adriatic Sea.– Il Quaternario – Ital. J. Quat. Sci., 9/2, 697–704.
DUNHAM, R.J. (1962): Classifi cation of carbonate rocks according to depositional textures.– In: HAM, W.E. (ed): Classifi cation of car-bonate rocks. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem.,1, 108–121.
FOLK, R.L. (1954): The distinction between grain size and mineral com-position in sedimentary rock nomenclature.– J. Geol., 62, 344–356.
GIORGETTI, F. & MOSETTI, F. (1969): General morphology of the Adriatic Sea.– Boll. Geofi s. Teor. Appl., 11, 49–56.
GRAHAM, J. (1988): Collection and analysis of fi eld data. In: TUCKER, M.E. (ed.): Techniques in sedimentology. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, Suffolk, 5–63.
HHI (1997): Coastal chart Krk – Rab MK7, Scale 1:100000.– Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Split.HHI (1999): Peljar I. Jadransko more – istočna obala [Nautical pilot I. Adriatic Sea – eastern coast – in Croatian].– Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Split, 331 p.+D 32.
HIJRM (1985): Jadransko more – generalna karta sedimenata dna [Adri-atic Sea – general map of the seabed sediments – in Croatian], 1: 1.000000.– Hidrografski institut Jugoslavenske ratne morna-rice, Split.
JURAČIĆ, M. & PRAVDIĆ, V. (1981): Geochemical and physicochem-ical studies on sediments of Rijeka Bay: the properties of sediments as depositories of pollutants.– Thalassia Jugosl., 17/3–4, 339–349.
JURAČIĆ, M., CRMARIĆ, R. & BENAC, Č. (1997): Holocenski sedi-menti i sedimentacija u Riječkom zaljevu [Holocene sediments and sedimentation in the Rijeka Bay – in Croatian].– In: ARKO-PIJE-VAC, M., KOVAČIĆ, M., CRNKOVIĆ, D. (eds.): Prirodoslovna istraživanja riječkog područja. Prirodoslovna biblioteka 1, Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, 339–344.
JURAČIĆ, M., BENAC, Č. & CRMARIĆ, R. (1999): Seabed and sur-face sediment map of the Kvarner region, Adriatic Sea, Croatia (Lithological Map, 1: 500000).– Geol. Croat., 52/2, 131–140.
JOBSTRAIBIZER, P.G. (1970):Determinazione rapida di calcite e do-lomite per via gas-volumetrica nei sedimenti.– Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 89, 401–413.
KOROLIJA, B. & BOROVIĆ, I. (1966): Geology of the isles Grgur, Prvić and Goli otok.– Bull. Scient. Acad. RSF Yougoslavie, 1–2, 2–3, Zagreb.
LAMBECK, K., ESAT, T. & POTTER, E.K. (2002): Links between cli-mate and sea level for the past three milion years.– Nature, 419, 199–206.
LORENZ, J.R. (1863): Physicalische Verhältnisse und Vertheilung der Organismen im Quarnerischen Golfe.– Kais. Kön. Hof- und Staats-druckerei, Wien, 379 p.
LOWE, J.J. & WALKER, M.J.C. (1997): Reconstructing Qaternary En-vironments (2nd edition).– Prentice Hall, 446 p.
LUŽAR-OBERITER, B., MIKULČIĆ PAVLAKOVIĆ, S., CRNJA-KOVIĆ, M. & BABIĆ, LJ. (2008): Variable sources of beach sands of north Adriatic islands: examples from Rab and Susak.– Geol. Croat., 61/2–3, 379–384.
MAGDALENIĆ, Z. (1972): Sedimentologija fliških naslaga srednje Is-tre [Sedimentology of Central Istria fl ysch deposits – in Croatian].– Acta Geol., 7/2, 71–96.
MALEZ, M. & LENARDIĆ-FABIĆ, J. (1988): New subspecies of the southern elephant (Mammuthus meridionalis adriaticus n.ssp.) from the bottom of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia, Yugoslavia).– Paleont. Jugosl., 37, 1–36.
MAMUŽIĆ, P., MILAN, A., KOROLIJA, B., BOROVIĆ, I. & MAJ-CEN, Ž. (1969): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100.000, list Rab, L 33–144 [Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Rab sheet – in Croatian].– Institut za geološka istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
MAMUŽIĆ, P. & MILAN, A. (1973): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000. Tumač za list Rab L33–44 [Basic Geological Map of 1:100000, Geology of the Rab sheet – in Croatian].– Institut za geološka istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beo grad, 39 p.
MÜLLER, G. (1967): Methods in Sedimentary Petrology. Sedimentary Petrology, Part I.– Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 283 p.
ORLIĆ, M. (2001): Croatian Coastal Waters.– In: CUSHMAN-ROISIN, M. B. et al. (eds): Physical Oceanography of the Adriatic Sea, Klu-wer, Dordrecht, 189–214.
PIGORINI, B. (1968): Sources and dispersion of recent sediments of the Adriatic Sea.– Mar. Geol., 6/3, 187–229.
SURIĆ, M., JURAČIĆ, M., HORVATINČIĆ, N. & KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I. (2005): Late Pleistocene–Holocene sea-level rise and the pat-tern of coastal karst inundation: records from submerged speleo-themes along the Eastern Adriatic Coast (Croatia).– Mar. Geol., 214, 163–175. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.030
ŠKRIVANIĆ, A. & MAGDALENIĆ, Z. (1979): Cruises of the research vessel “Vila Velebita” in the Kvarner region of the Adriatic Sea. IX. Quaternary sea bottom sediments.– Thalassia Jugosl., 15, 149–166.
TIŠLJAR, J. (2004): Sedimentologija klastičnih i silicijskih taložina. [Sedimentology of clastic and siliceous deposits – in Croatian].– In-stitut za geološka istraživanja, Zagreb, 426 p.
TUCKER, M.E. (2003): Sedimentary rocks in the fi eld.– John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 234 p.
VAN STRAATEN, L.M.J.U. (1970): Holocene and Late Pleistocene sed-imentation in the Adriatic Sea.– Geol. Rund., 60, 106–131. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.030
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. &MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 220, 333–360. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.011
ZAVODNIK, D. & ŠIMUNOVIĆ, A. (1997): Beskralješnjaci morskog dna Jadrana [Invertebrates of the Adriatic sea-bed – in Croatian].– IP Svjetlost D.D., Sarajevo, 217 p.
ZAVODNIK, D., PALLAORO, A., JAKLIN, A., KOVAČIĆ, M. & ARKO-PIJEVAC, M. (2005): A benthos survey of the Senj Archipelago (North Adriatic Sea, Croatia).– Acta Adriat., 46/2, 3–68.
ZIBROWIUS, H. (1980): Les scléractiniaires de la Méditerraée et de l ́Atlantique nord-oriental.– Mém. Inst. Océanogr., Monaco, 11, 1–284.
ZINGG, T. (1935): Beitrage zur Schotteranalyse.– Min. Petrog. Mitt. Schweiz., 15, 39–140.
ALFIREVIĆ, S. (1980): Sedimentološko kartiranje bentoskih biocenoza u kanalima sjeveroistočnog Jadrana [Sedimentological mapping of benthos biocenoses in the channels of the NE Adriatic Sea – in Croatian].– Geol. vjesnik, 32, 15–32.
BALLARD, R.D., COLEMAN, D.F. & ROSENBERG, G.D. (2000): Further evidence of abrupt Holocene drowning of the Black Sea shelf.– Mar. Geol., 170, 253–261. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(00) 00108-0
BENAC, Č. (1992): Recentni geomorfološki procesi i oblici u području Riječkog zaljeva [The recent geomorphological processes in the area of the Rijeka Bay – in Croatian].– Geogr. Glas., 54, 1–18.
BENAC, Č. & JURAČIĆ, M. (1998): Geomorphological indicators of the sea level changes during Upper Pleistocene (Würm) and Holocene in the Kvarner region (NE Adriatic Sea).– Acta Geogr. Croat., 33, 27–45.
BLAŠKOVIĆ, I. (1999): Tectonics of part of the Vinodol Valley within the model of the continental crust subduction.– Geol. Croat., 52/2, 153–189.
BRAMBATI, A. & VENZO, G.A. (1967): Recent sedimentation in the Northern Adriatic Sea between Venice and Trieste.– Studi Trentini. Sci. Nat., 44, 202–274.
BRAMBATI, A., CIABATTI, M., FANZUTTI, G.P., MARABINI, F. & MAROCCO, R. (1983): A new sedimentological textural map of the Northern and central Adriatic Sea.– Boll. Ocean. Teor. Appl., 1/4, 267–271.
BRAMBATI, A., CIABATTI, M., FANZUTTI, G.P., MARABINI, F. & MAROCCO, R. (1988a): Carta sedimentologica dell’ Adriatico cen-trale, 1:250000.– Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche.
BRAMBATI, A., CIABATTI, M., FANZUTTI, G.P., MARABINI, F. & MAROCCO, R. (1988b): Carta sedimentologica dell’ Adriatico centrale, 1:250000.– Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche.
CHAIX, C. & CAHUZAC, B. (2005): Les faunes de Scléractiniaires dans les faluns du Miocčne moyen d’Atlantique-Est (bassins de la Loire et d’Aquitaine): paléobiogéographie et évolution climatique [The faunas of Scleractinian corals in the faluns of the Eastern Atlantic Middle Miocene (Loire and Aquitaine Basins): paleobio-geography and climatic evolution – in Italian].– Ann. Paléont., 91, 33–72.
CORREGGIARI, A., ROVERI, M. & TRINCARDI, F. (1996): Late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the north Adriatic Sea.– Il Quaternario – Ital. J. Quat. Sci., 9/2, 697–704.
DUNHAM, R.J. (1962): Classifi cation of carbonate rocks according to depositional textures.– In: HAM, W.E. (ed): Classifi cation of car-bonate rocks. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem.,1, 108–121.
FOLK, R.L. (1954): The distinction between grain size and mineral com-position in sedimentary rock nomenclature.– J. Geol., 62, 344–356.
GIORGETTI, F. & MOSETTI, F. (1969): General morphology of the Adriatic Sea.– Boll. Geofi s. Teor. Appl., 11, 49–56.
GRAHAM, J. (1988): Collection and analysis of fi eld data. In: TUCKER, M.E. (ed.): Techniques in sedimentology. Blackwell Scientifi c Publications, Suffolk, 5–63.
HHI (1997): Coastal chart Krk – Rab MK7, Scale 1:100000.– Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Split.HHI (1999): Peljar I. Jadransko more – istočna obala [Nautical pilot I. Adriatic Sea – eastern coast – in Croatian].– Hrvatski hidrografski institut, Split, 331 p.+D 32.
HIJRM (1985): Jadransko more – generalna karta sedimenata dna [Adri-atic Sea – general map of the seabed sediments – in Croatian], 1: 1.000000.– Hidrografski institut Jugoslavenske ratne morna-rice, Split.
JURAČIĆ, M. & PRAVDIĆ, V. (1981): Geochemical and physicochem-ical studies on sediments of Rijeka Bay: the properties of sediments as depositories of pollutants.– Thalassia Jugosl., 17/3–4, 339–349.
JURAČIĆ, M., CRMARIĆ, R. & BENAC, Č. (1997): Holocenski sedi-menti i sedimentacija u Riječkom zaljevu [Holocene sediments and sedimentation in the Rijeka Bay – in Croatian].– In: ARKO-PIJE-VAC, M., KOVAČIĆ, M., CRNKOVIĆ, D. (eds.): Prirodoslovna istraživanja riječkog područja. Prirodoslovna biblioteka 1, Prirodoslovni muzej Rijeka, 339–344.
JURAČIĆ, M., BENAC, Č. & CRMARIĆ, R. (1999): Seabed and sur-face sediment map of the Kvarner region, Adriatic Sea, Croatia (Lithological Map, 1: 500000).– Geol. Croat., 52/2, 131–140.
JOBSTRAIBIZER, P.G. (1970):Determinazione rapida di calcite e do-lomite per via gas-volumetrica nei sedimenti.– Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 89, 401–413.
KOROLIJA, B. & BOROVIĆ, I. (1966): Geology of the isles Grgur, Prvić and Goli otok.– Bull. Scient. Acad. RSF Yougoslavie, 1–2, 2–3, Zagreb.
LAMBECK, K., ESAT, T. & POTTER, E.K. (2002): Links between cli-mate and sea level for the past three milion years.– Nature, 419, 199–206.
LORENZ, J.R. (1863): Physicalische Verhältnisse und Vertheilung der Organismen im Quarnerischen Golfe.– Kais. Kön. Hof- und Staats-druckerei, Wien, 379 p.
LOWE, J.J. & WALKER, M.J.C. (1997): Reconstructing Qaternary En-vironments (2nd edition).– Prentice Hall, 446 p.
LUŽAR-OBERITER, B., MIKULČIĆ PAVLAKOVIĆ, S., CRNJA-KOVIĆ, M. & BABIĆ, LJ. (2008): Variable sources of beach sands of north Adriatic islands: examples from Rab and Susak.– Geol. Croat., 61/2–3, 379–384.
MAGDALENIĆ, Z. (1972): Sedimentologija fliških naslaga srednje Is-tre [Sedimentology of Central Istria fl ysch deposits – in Croatian].– Acta Geol., 7/2, 71–96.
MALEZ, M. & LENARDIĆ-FABIĆ, J. (1988): New subspecies of the southern elephant (Mammuthus meridionalis adriaticus n.ssp.) from the bottom of the Adriatic Sea (Croatia, Yugoslavia).– Paleont. Jugosl., 37, 1–36.
MAMUŽIĆ, P., MILAN, A., KOROLIJA, B., BOROVIĆ, I. & MAJ-CEN, Ž. (1969): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100.000, list Rab, L 33–144 [Basic Geological Map of SFRY 1:100000, Rab sheet – in Croatian].– Institut za geološka istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
MAMUŽIĆ, P. & MILAN, A. (1973): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000. Tumač za list Rab L33–44 [Basic Geological Map of 1:100000, Geology of the Rab sheet – in Croatian].– Institut za geološka istraživanja Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beo grad, 39 p.
MÜLLER, G. (1967): Methods in Sedimentary Petrology. Sedimentary Petrology, Part I.– Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 283 p.
ORLIĆ, M. (2001): Croatian Coastal Waters.– In: CUSHMAN-ROISIN, M. B. et al. (eds): Physical Oceanography of the Adriatic Sea, Klu-wer, Dordrecht, 189–214.
PIGORINI, B. (1968): Sources and dispersion of recent sediments of the Adriatic Sea.– Mar. Geol., 6/3, 187–229.
SURIĆ, M., JURAČIĆ, M., HORVATINČIĆ, N. & KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I. (2005): Late Pleistocene–Holocene sea-level rise and the pat-tern of coastal karst inundation: records from submerged speleo-themes along the Eastern Adriatic Coast (Croatia).– Mar. Geol., 214, 163–175. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.030
ŠKRIVANIĆ, A. & MAGDALENIĆ, Z. (1979): Cruises of the research vessel “Vila Velebita” in the Kvarner region of the Adriatic Sea. IX. Quaternary sea bottom sediments.– Thalassia Jugosl., 15, 149–166.
TIŠLJAR, J. (2004): Sedimentologija klastičnih i silicijskih taložina. [Sedimentology of clastic and siliceous deposits – in Croatian].– In-stitut za geološka istraživanja, Zagreb, 426 p.
TUCKER, M.E. (2003): Sedimentary rocks in the fi eld.– John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 234 p.
VAN STRAATEN, L.M.J.U. (1970): Holocene and Late Pleistocene sed-imentation in the Adriatic Sea.– Geol. Rund., 60, 106–131. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.030
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. &MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 220, 333–360. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.011
ZAVODNIK, D. & ŠIMUNOVIĆ, A. (1997): Beskralješnjaci morskog dna Jadrana [Invertebrates of the Adriatic sea-bed – in Croatian].– IP Svjetlost D.D., Sarajevo, 217 p.
ZAVODNIK, D., PALLAORO, A., JAKLIN, A., KOVAČIĆ, M. & ARKO-PIJEVAC, M. (2005): A benthos survey of the Senj Archipelago (North Adriatic Sea, Croatia).– Acta Adriat., 46/2, 3–68.
ZIBROWIUS, H. (1980): Les scléractiniaires de la Méditerraée et de l ́Atlantique nord-oriental.– Mém. Inst. Océanogr., Monaco, 11, 1–284.
ZINGG, T. (1935): Beitrage zur Schotteranalyse.– Min. Petrog. Mitt. Schweiz., 15, 39–140.