Traces of drilling predation in the Badenian Mollusks from the Rakovica stream (Belgrade, Serbia)
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Published:
Apr 17, 2016
Keywords:
Badenian, Gastropods, Bivalves, Drilling predations, Rakovica stream
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Abstract
The palaeoecology of fossil molluscs of Serbia is insufficiently studied. Drilling predation indicatesinteractive relationships among Middle Miocene Badenian molluscs from the Rakovicasands. These sands are present in the Rakovica stream valley (southern part of Belgrade),andwell-known data about the fauna has existed since the end of the XIX century. The collectedmaterial (one bulk sample) from the sectionwas used for studies that included 2301 shells ofmolluscs (1617 of gastropods and 684 of bivalves). Among them were specimens with predatorydrill holes. Determining the value of drilling frequency (DF) and prey effectiveness (PE) facilitatesidentification of the relationshipbetween shell-drilling predators and their prey. Basedon analysis of the overall association, carnivorous gastropods were dominantin the sample,comprising more than fifty percent (52.32%) of all gastropod specimens. In addition, they constitutea large percentage of the total sample (43.19%). The largest number of victims was observedamong bivalves, which are indicated by a DF of 16.96%. The results were compared withother localities of Miocene age in Paratethys and with studies on the Miocene sediments fromthe Boreal and the Atlantic Provinces. These comparisons show that PE and DF are very similarto results from the Central Paratethys, but that they are significantly higher than in the other areasmentioned.
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References
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CHATTOPADHYAY, D., SARKAR, D., DUTTA, S., PRASANJIT, S.R. (2014):What controls cannibalism in drilling gastropods? A case study on Natica tigrina.- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 410, 126-133.
CHATTOPADHYAY, D., ZUSCHIN, M., TOMAŠOVYCH, A. (2013): Effects of High Risk Environment on Edge-drilling Behavior: Inference from Recent Bivalvies from the Red Sea.- Paleobiology, 40, 34-49.
EREMIJA, M. (1977): Miocen u oblasti eksumiranog mezozojsko-serpentinskog paleoreljefa, od Rakovice do Ripnja. [Miocene in the exhumed Mesozoic-serpentinic area of palaeorelief, from Rakovica to Ripanj – in Serbian] In: PETKOVIĆ, K. (eds.): Geologija Srbije. Stratigrafija II/3: 145-154.
EREMIJA, M., 1987: Badenski kat [Badenian in - Serbian]. In: ANĐELKOVIĆ, M. (eds): Geologija Šire okoline Beograda I, Geologija i geodinamika, 151-172.
GARTON, D. AND STICKLE, W. B. (1980): Effect of Salinity and Temperature on the predation rate of Thais haemastoma on Crassostrea virginica spat. Biological Bulletin, 158, 49-57.
HANSEN, T.A., KELLEY, P.H. (1995): Spatial Variation of Naticid Gastropod Predation in the Eocene of North America.- Palaios, 10, 268–278.
HOFFMAN, A., PISERA, A., RYSZKIEWICZ, M. (1974): Predation by muricid and naticid gastropods on the Lower Tortonian mollusks from the Korytnica Clays.- Acta Geologica Polonica, 24, 249-260.
HOFFMEISTER, A.P. & KOWALEWSKI, M. (2001): Spatial and Environmental Variation in the Fossil Record of Drilling Predation: A Case Study from the Miocene of Central Europe.- Palaios 16, 566–579.
HOHENEGGER, J., ĆORIĆ, S., WAGREICH, M. (2014): Timing of the Middle Miocene Badenian Stage of the Central Paratethys.- Geologica Carpathica, 65, 1, 55—66.
HUTCHINGS, J. A., HERBERT, G. S. (2013): No honor among snails: Conspecific competition leads to incomplete drill holes by a naticid gastropod. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 379-380, 32-38.
IVKOVIĆ A., VUKOVIĆ A., NIKOLIC J. , KOVAČEVIĆ D. , PALAVESTRIĆ LJ., PETROVIĆ LJ., JOVANOVIĆ O., TRIFUNOVIĆ I., AND SEBINOVIĆ LJ. (1966): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, List Pančevo L34-114 [Basic Geological Map of SFRJ 1:100000, Pančevo sheet – in Serbian].- Geološki zavod, Beograd, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
JOVANOVIĆ, G. (2002): Paleoecological and taphonomical features of Badenian fauna of Sladinci near Golubac.- Radovi Geoinstituta, 37, 135-150.
KELLEY, P. H., HANSEN, T. A. (1993): Evolution of the Naticid Gastropod Predator-Prey System: An Eveluation of the Hypothesis of Escalation.- Palaios 8, 358-375.
KELLEY, P. H., HANSEN, T. A. (1996): Recovery or the naticid gastropod predator-pray system from the Cretaceous-Tertiary and Eocene-Oligocene extinctions.- Geological Society Special Publication, 102, 373-386.
KELLEY, P. H., HANSEN, T. A. (2006): Comparisons of class- and lower taxon-level patterns innaticid gastropod predation, Cretaceous to Pleistocene of the U.S. Coastal Plain.- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 236, 302–320.
KITCHELL, J. A., (1986): The evolution of predator-prey behavior: Naticid gastropods and their molluscan prey, in: NITECKI, M., AND KITCHELL, J. A., (eds.) Evolution of Animal Behavior: Paleontological and Field Approaches.- Oxford Univerity Press, Oxford, 88-110.
KNEŽEVIĆ, S., (1989): Prinove iz ponta belopotočkog rova [New specimen from the Pontian of Beli Potok trough – In Serbian, Summary in English].- Geol. Anali Balk. Pol., 53, 373-382.
KOVÁČ, M., ANDREYEVA-GRIGOROVICH, A., BARJAKTAREVIĆ, Z., BRZOBOHATY, R., FILIPESCU, S., FODOR, L., HARZHAUSER, M., NAGZMAROSY, A., OSZCZYPKO, N., PAVELIĆ, D., RÖGL, F., SAFTIĆ, B., SILVA, L. AND STUDENCKA, B. (2007): Badenian evolution of the Central Paratethys Sea: Paleogeography, Climate and Eustatic Sea-level Changes.- Geologica Carpathica, 58, 6, 579-606.
KOWALEWSKI, M. (2002): The Fossil Record of Predation: an Overview of Analytical Methods.- Paleontological Society Special Paper 8, 3–42.
LUKOVIĆ M. (1922): Facije drugog mediteranskog kata u okolini Beograda [Second Mediterranean facies from Belgrade surroundings, in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 7, 1, 22-41
MANZI J. J. (1970): Combined Effect of Salinity and Temperature on the Feeding Reproductive and Survival Rates of Eupleura caudate (Say) and Urosalpinx cinerea (Say) (Prosobranchia: Muricidae).- Biological Bulletin,138, 35-46.
MAROVIĆ, M., TOLJIĆ, M., RUNDIĆ, LJ., MILIVOJEVIĆ, J. (2007):Neoalpine Tectonics of Serbia.- Serbian Geological Society, Ser. Monographie, 87 p.
NELSON, J. S. (2006): Fishes of the World.- Departmen of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada, 601 p.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1890): Mediteranska fauna u Rakovici [Mediteranian fauna from the Rakovica, - in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 2, 2, 9-60.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1893): Prinove geološkog zavoda [New specimen of Geological Survey – in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 4, 186-191.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1922): Prilozi za poznavanje tercijara u Srbiji I [Contribution to the study Tertiary in Serbia – in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 7, 1 42-52.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1925): O povredama na drugomediteranskim mekušcima iz Srbije [Breaches of the Second Mediteranian mollusks from Serbia – in Serbian ].- Zapisnici Srpskog geološkog društva, zbor 203, in: Geol. anali Balk. pol., 18 (1), 204-205.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S., PETKOVIĆ, K. V. (1903): Prinove geološkog zavoda [New specimen of Geological Survey – in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 6, 1, 293-325.
PETROVIĆ, M. (1985): Foraminiferske zone i loze badenskog kata okoline Beograda [Badenian foraminiferal zones and subzones in Belgrade surroundings – in Serbian, Abstract in English].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 49, 271-291
PETROVIĆ, M., ŠUMAR, M. (1990): Biostratigrafski pregled sarmata okoline Beograda [Biostratigraphical overview of the Sarmatian in Belgrade surrounndings – in Serbian]. XII kongres geol. Jugosl., Ohrid, knj. 1, 162-173.
PREACHER, K. J. (2001): April: Calculation for the Chi-square Test: An Interactive Calculation Tool for Chi-square Tests of Goodness of Fit and Independence [Computer software]. Available from http://quantpsy.org.
SAWYER, J.A., ZUSCHIN, M. (2010): Intesities of Drilling Predation of Molluscan Assemblages along Transect through the Northern Gulf of Trieste (Adriatic sea).- Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleocology, 285, 152-173.
SAWYER, J.A., ZUSCHIN, M. (2011): Drilling Predation in Mollusks from the Lower and Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys.- Palaios, 26, 284–297.
SCHWARCHANS, W., BRADIĆ, K., RUNDIĆ, LJ. (2015): Fish-otoliths from the marine-brackish water transition of Middle Miocene strata of Belgrade, Serbia.- Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 272, online.
STEVANOVIĆ, P. (1951): Tragovi Panonskog mora u našoj zemlji [Traces of the Pannonian Sea in our country – in Serbian].- Zaštita prirode, 2-3, 5-26.
STEVANOVIĆ, P. (1970): Paleogeografsko- ekološke prinove iz tortona okoline Beograda [Paleogeographic and ecological additions from Tortonian near Belgrade – in Serbian].- Glas SANU, 258, Odelj. Prir. mat. nauk., 33, 1-27.
STEVANOVIĆ, P., STEPANOVIĆ, B. (1939): Prethodna beleška o drugomediteranskim slojevima na levoj obali Topčiderske reke (Rakovica) i njihove faune [Previous record of the Second Mediteranian layers on the left bank of the Topčiderska river (Rakovica) and their fauna - in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 16, 134-136.
TOMAŠOVYCH, A., ZUSCHIN, M. (2009): Variation in Brachiopod Presertation along a Carbonate Shell-basin Transact (Red Sea and Gulf of Aden): Enviromental Sensitivity of Taphofacies.- Palaios, 24, 697-716.
VERMEIJ, G. J. (1982): Gastropod shell form, repair and breakage in relation to predation by the crap Calappa.- Malacologica, 23, 329-334.
VERMEIJ, G. J. (1987): Evolution and Escalation: an Ecological History of Life.- Princeton University Press.Princeton, New Jersey, 527 p.
VERMEIJ, G. J., DUDLEY, E. C. (1982): Shell repair and drilling in some gastropods from the Ripley Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the U.S.A.- Cretaceous Research 3, 397-403.
VERMEIJ, G. J., ROOPNARINE, P. D. (2001): Edge-drilling History and Distribution of a Novel Method of Predation.- Paleobios, 21, (Supl. to 2): 130.
WALKER, S. E. (2001): Paleoecology of Gastropods Preserved in Turbiditic Slope Deposits from the Upper Pliocene of Ecuador. – Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleocology, 166, 141-163.
ZLOTNIK, M. (2001): Size-related changes in predatory behavior of naticid gastropods from the Middle Miocene Korytnica Clays, Poland. -Acta Palaentologica Polonica, 46, 87-97.
ZUCHIN, M., HARZHAUSER, M., MANDIC, O. (2004): Taphonomy and paleoecology of the lower Badenian (Middle Miocene) mollussan assemblages at Grund (Lower Austria).- Geologica Carpathica, 55, 117-128.
ZUCHIN, M., HARZHAUSER, M., SAUERMOSER, K. (2006): Patchiness of local species richness and its implication for large-scale diversity patterns: An example from the middle Miocene of the Paratethys: Lethaia, v. 39, p. 66-78.
CHATTOPADHYAY, D., SARKAR, D., DUTTA, S., PRASANJIT, S.R. (2014):What controls cannibalism in drilling gastropods? A case study on Natica tigrina.- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 410, 126-133.
CHATTOPADHYAY, D., ZUSCHIN, M., TOMAŠOVYCH, A. (2013): Effects of High Risk Environment on Edge-drilling Behavior: Inference from Recent Bivalvies from the Red Sea.- Paleobiology, 40, 34-49.
EREMIJA, M. (1977): Miocen u oblasti eksumiranog mezozojsko-serpentinskog paleoreljefa, od Rakovice do Ripnja. [Miocene in the exhumed Mesozoic-serpentinic area of palaeorelief, from Rakovica to Ripanj – in Serbian] In: PETKOVIĆ, K. (eds.): Geologija Srbije. Stratigrafija II/3: 145-154.
EREMIJA, M., 1987: Badenski kat [Badenian in - Serbian]. In: ANĐELKOVIĆ, M. (eds): Geologija Šire okoline Beograda I, Geologija i geodinamika, 151-172.
GARTON, D. AND STICKLE, W. B. (1980): Effect of Salinity and Temperature on the predation rate of Thais haemastoma on Crassostrea virginica spat. Biological Bulletin, 158, 49-57.
HANSEN, T.A., KELLEY, P.H. (1995): Spatial Variation of Naticid Gastropod Predation in the Eocene of North America.- Palaios, 10, 268–278.
HOFFMAN, A., PISERA, A., RYSZKIEWICZ, M. (1974): Predation by muricid and naticid gastropods on the Lower Tortonian mollusks from the Korytnica Clays.- Acta Geologica Polonica, 24, 249-260.
HOFFMEISTER, A.P. & KOWALEWSKI, M. (2001): Spatial and Environmental Variation in the Fossil Record of Drilling Predation: A Case Study from the Miocene of Central Europe.- Palaios 16, 566–579.
HOHENEGGER, J., ĆORIĆ, S., WAGREICH, M. (2014): Timing of the Middle Miocene Badenian Stage of the Central Paratethys.- Geologica Carpathica, 65, 1, 55—66.
HUTCHINGS, J. A., HERBERT, G. S. (2013): No honor among snails: Conspecific competition leads to incomplete drill holes by a naticid gastropod. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 379-380, 32-38.
IVKOVIĆ A., VUKOVIĆ A., NIKOLIC J. , KOVAČEVIĆ D. , PALAVESTRIĆ LJ., PETROVIĆ LJ., JOVANOVIĆ O., TRIFUNOVIĆ I., AND SEBINOVIĆ LJ. (1966): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, List Pančevo L34-114 [Basic Geological Map of SFRJ 1:100000, Pančevo sheet – in Serbian].- Geološki zavod, Beograd, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd.
JOVANOVIĆ, G. (2002): Paleoecological and taphonomical features of Badenian fauna of Sladinci near Golubac.- Radovi Geoinstituta, 37, 135-150.
KELLEY, P. H., HANSEN, T. A. (1993): Evolution of the Naticid Gastropod Predator-Prey System: An Eveluation of the Hypothesis of Escalation.- Palaios 8, 358-375.
KELLEY, P. H., HANSEN, T. A. (1996): Recovery or the naticid gastropod predator-pray system from the Cretaceous-Tertiary and Eocene-Oligocene extinctions.- Geological Society Special Publication, 102, 373-386.
KELLEY, P. H., HANSEN, T. A. (2006): Comparisons of class- and lower taxon-level patterns innaticid gastropod predation, Cretaceous to Pleistocene of the U.S. Coastal Plain.- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 236, 302–320.
KITCHELL, J. A., (1986): The evolution of predator-prey behavior: Naticid gastropods and their molluscan prey, in: NITECKI, M., AND KITCHELL, J. A., (eds.) Evolution of Animal Behavior: Paleontological and Field Approaches.- Oxford Univerity Press, Oxford, 88-110.
KNEŽEVIĆ, S., (1989): Prinove iz ponta belopotočkog rova [New specimen from the Pontian of Beli Potok trough – In Serbian, Summary in English].- Geol. Anali Balk. Pol., 53, 373-382.
KOVÁČ, M., ANDREYEVA-GRIGOROVICH, A., BARJAKTAREVIĆ, Z., BRZOBOHATY, R., FILIPESCU, S., FODOR, L., HARZHAUSER, M., NAGZMAROSY, A., OSZCZYPKO, N., PAVELIĆ, D., RÖGL, F., SAFTIĆ, B., SILVA, L. AND STUDENCKA, B. (2007): Badenian evolution of the Central Paratethys Sea: Paleogeography, Climate and Eustatic Sea-level Changes.- Geologica Carpathica, 58, 6, 579-606.
KOWALEWSKI, M. (2002): The Fossil Record of Predation: an Overview of Analytical Methods.- Paleontological Society Special Paper 8, 3–42.
LUKOVIĆ M. (1922): Facije drugog mediteranskog kata u okolini Beograda [Second Mediterranean facies from Belgrade surroundings, in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 7, 1, 22-41
MANZI J. J. (1970): Combined Effect of Salinity and Temperature on the Feeding Reproductive and Survival Rates of Eupleura caudate (Say) and Urosalpinx cinerea (Say) (Prosobranchia: Muricidae).- Biological Bulletin,138, 35-46.
MAROVIĆ, M., TOLJIĆ, M., RUNDIĆ, LJ., MILIVOJEVIĆ, J. (2007):Neoalpine Tectonics of Serbia.- Serbian Geological Society, Ser. Monographie, 87 p.
NELSON, J. S. (2006): Fishes of the World.- Departmen of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada, 601 p.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1890): Mediteranska fauna u Rakovici [Mediteranian fauna from the Rakovica, - in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 2, 2, 9-60.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1893): Prinove geološkog zavoda [New specimen of Geological Survey – in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 4, 186-191.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1922): Prilozi za poznavanje tercijara u Srbiji I [Contribution to the study Tertiary in Serbia – in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 7, 1 42-52.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S. (1925): O povredama na drugomediteranskim mekušcima iz Srbije [Breaches of the Second Mediteranian mollusks from Serbia – in Serbian ].- Zapisnici Srpskog geološkog društva, zbor 203, in: Geol. anali Balk. pol., 18 (1), 204-205.
PAVLOVIĆ, P. S., PETKOVIĆ, K. V. (1903): Prinove geološkog zavoda [New specimen of Geological Survey – in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 6, 1, 293-325.
PETROVIĆ, M. (1985): Foraminiferske zone i loze badenskog kata okoline Beograda [Badenian foraminiferal zones and subzones in Belgrade surroundings – in Serbian, Abstract in English].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 49, 271-291
PETROVIĆ, M., ŠUMAR, M. (1990): Biostratigrafski pregled sarmata okoline Beograda [Biostratigraphical overview of the Sarmatian in Belgrade surrounndings – in Serbian]. XII kongres geol. Jugosl., Ohrid, knj. 1, 162-173.
PREACHER, K. J. (2001): April: Calculation for the Chi-square Test: An Interactive Calculation Tool for Chi-square Tests of Goodness of Fit and Independence [Computer software]. Available from http://quantpsy.org.
SAWYER, J.A., ZUSCHIN, M. (2010): Intesities of Drilling Predation of Molluscan Assemblages along Transect through the Northern Gulf of Trieste (Adriatic sea).- Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleocology, 285, 152-173.
SAWYER, J.A., ZUSCHIN, M. (2011): Drilling Predation in Mollusks from the Lower and Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys.- Palaios, 26, 284–297.
SCHWARCHANS, W., BRADIĆ, K., RUNDIĆ, LJ. (2015): Fish-otoliths from the marine-brackish water transition of Middle Miocene strata of Belgrade, Serbia.- Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 272, online.
STEVANOVIĆ, P. (1951): Tragovi Panonskog mora u našoj zemlji [Traces of the Pannonian Sea in our country – in Serbian].- Zaštita prirode, 2-3, 5-26.
STEVANOVIĆ, P. (1970): Paleogeografsko- ekološke prinove iz tortona okoline Beograda [Paleogeographic and ecological additions from Tortonian near Belgrade – in Serbian].- Glas SANU, 258, Odelj. Prir. mat. nauk., 33, 1-27.
STEVANOVIĆ, P., STEPANOVIĆ, B. (1939): Prethodna beleška o drugomediteranskim slojevima na levoj obali Topčiderske reke (Rakovica) i njihove faune [Previous record of the Second Mediteranian layers on the left bank of the Topčiderska river (Rakovica) and their fauna - in Serbian].- Geol. anali Balk. pol., 16, 134-136.
TOMAŠOVYCH, A., ZUSCHIN, M. (2009): Variation in Brachiopod Presertation along a Carbonate Shell-basin Transact (Red Sea and Gulf of Aden): Enviromental Sensitivity of Taphofacies.- Palaios, 24, 697-716.
VERMEIJ, G. J. (1982): Gastropod shell form, repair and breakage in relation to predation by the crap Calappa.- Malacologica, 23, 329-334.
VERMEIJ, G. J. (1987): Evolution and Escalation: an Ecological History of Life.- Princeton University Press.Princeton, New Jersey, 527 p.
VERMEIJ, G. J., DUDLEY, E. C. (1982): Shell repair and drilling in some gastropods from the Ripley Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of the U.S.A.- Cretaceous Research 3, 397-403.
VERMEIJ, G. J., ROOPNARINE, P. D. (2001): Edge-drilling History and Distribution of a Novel Method of Predation.- Paleobios, 21, (Supl. to 2): 130.
WALKER, S. E. (2001): Paleoecology of Gastropods Preserved in Turbiditic Slope Deposits from the Upper Pliocene of Ecuador. – Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleocology, 166, 141-163.
ZLOTNIK, M. (2001): Size-related changes in predatory behavior of naticid gastropods from the Middle Miocene Korytnica Clays, Poland. -Acta Palaentologica Polonica, 46, 87-97.
ZUCHIN, M., HARZHAUSER, M., MANDIC, O. (2004): Taphonomy and paleoecology of the lower Badenian (Middle Miocene) mollussan assemblages at Grund (Lower Austria).- Geologica Carpathica, 55, 117-128.
ZUCHIN, M., HARZHAUSER, M., SAUERMOSER, K. (2006): Patchiness of local species richness and its implication for large-scale diversity patterns: An example from the middle Miocene of the Paratethys: Lethaia, v. 39, p. 66-78.