Genesis of ferromanganese deposits from the Central Anatolian province, Yozgat-Aşağı Eğerci village, Turkey: Geochemical properties and fluid inclusions
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Oct 1, 2021
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ferromanganese, rare earth elements, hydrothermal, fluid inclusions, Yozgat (Turkey)
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Abstract
Eğerci village is located 16 km southwest of Yerköy (Yozgat) area which has a ferromanganese deposit that formed at the contact between basalt and limestone and shows that a banded stockwork structure occurs occasionally within the limestone. The mineralization consists of pyrolusite, goethite, and ramsdellite, together with a lesser quantity of magnetite. Gangue minerals are determined as calcite and quartz. REE data from the mineral samples demonstrate a range from 2.70 - 63.70 ppm and the average value is 28.00. These results permit a comparison to be made with mineralization in hydrothermal deposits. Moreover, mineral samples show a positive Eu anomaly 0.88-48.10 ppm (ave. 9.94 ppm). The Ce anomaly values vary between 0.02 and 0.88 ppm (ave. 0.58 ppm). It is possible that the mineralization may be affected by the mixing of seawater and hydrothermal fluids. The value of the positive Eu anomaly is evidence of modern oceanic hydrothermal manganese deposits. Insight of previous fluid inclusion, studies can be easily inferred that mineralization can occur at three different stages. The temperature of the first stage ranged from 338 oC to 428 oC and other stages vary from 269 oC - 317 oC and 143 oC - 236 oC, respectively. As a comparison, calculated salinity is higher in Type I fluid inclusions (1.9-14.7 wt.% NaCl equiv.) than Type II and III fluid inclusions (1.9-5.1 wt.%NaCl (equiv.) It is possible that the mineralization was formed by the mixing of magmatic and meteoric waters.
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References
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GÜLTEKIN,A.H. (1998): Geochemistry and origin of the Oligocene Binkılıç manganese deposit, Thrace basin, Turkey.– Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 7, 11–24.
HAYASHI, K.I., FUJISAWA, H., HOLLAND, H.D. & OHMOTO, H. (1997): Geochemistry of 1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada.– Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61/19, 4115–4137. doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)002147
HEIN, J.R., SCHULZ, M.S., DUNHAM, R.E., STERN, R.J. & BLOOMER, S.H. (2008): Diffuse flow hydrothermal manganese mineralization along the active Mariana and Southern Izu-Bonin arc system,Western Pasific.– Journal of.GeophysicalResearch, 113, B08, 14. doi: 10.1029/2007JB005432
JIANCHENG, X., XIAOYONG, Y. & JIANGUO, D. (2006): Geochemical Characteristics of Sedimentary Manganese Deposit of Guichi, Anhui Province, China.– Journal of Rare Earths, 24, 374–380. doi: 10.1016/S1002-0721(06)60127-0
KARAKUŞ, A., YAVUZ, B. & KOÇ, Ş. (2010): Mineralogy and major trace element geochemistry of the Haymana manganese Mineralizations, Ankara, Turkey.– Geochemistry International, 48, 1014–1027. doi: 10.1134/s001670291010006x
KATO, Y., YAMAGUCHI, K.E. & OHMOTO, H. (2006): Rare earth elements in Precambrian banded iron formations: secular change of Ce and Eu anomalies and evolution of atmospheric oxygen.– Geological Society of America Bulletin, 198, 269–289. doi: 10.1130/2006.1198(16)
KETIN, I. (1955): The geology of the Yozgat region and the tectonic situation of the Central Anatolian Massif.– The Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey, 6/1, 1–40.
KETIN, I. (1966): Tectonic units of Anatolia.– Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute, 66, 20–34.
KHAN, M.A, KAKAR, M.I., ULRICH, T., ALI, L., KERR, A.C., MAHMOOD, K. & SIDDIQUI, R.H. (2020): Genesis of Manganese Deposits in the Ali Khanzai Block of the Zhob Ophiolite, Pakistan: Inferences from Geochemistry and Mineralogy.– Journal of Earth Science, 31/5, 884–895. doi: 10.1007/s12583-020-1337-3
KOÇAK,I.(2020a): Sarıhıdır manganese mineralization related to travertine,Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, Turkey.– Geodinamica Acta, 32/1, 11–24. doi: 10.1080/09853111.2020.1829904
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