Deciphering rock surface origins in a karst cave: insights from the Rača Cave, Lastovo, Croatia
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper outlines a comprehensive fieldwork methodology for discerning the origin of rock surfaces within a karst cave environment. This methodology is particularly utilized in a cave with breakdown morphology. Using Rača Cave in Lastovo, Croatia as a case study, we explore geological and morphological features through advanced surface analysis. The approach involves meticulous measurement of rock discontinuities, joint patterns, and surface formations. Cost-efficient and time-efficient data collection and processing during field-work were undertaken with FieldClino Move and Polycam applications on smartphones. Visualization techniques were employed to elucidate the interplay between erosion, deposition, and speleogenetic processes.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
Section
Original Scientific Papers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors have copyright and publishing rights on all published manuscripts.
References
CURL, R.L. (1964): On the definition of a cave.– Bulletin of National Speleological Society, 26, 1, 1−6.
DORA, D., LAZARIDIS, G., VOUVALIDIS, K., TOKMAKIDIS, K. & VENI, G. (2023): Morphometric Analyses of Greek Caves: How Morphology Predicts Cave Origin.– Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 60/1, 14–26. doi: 10.12681/bgsg.34887
DREYBRODT, W., GABROVŠEK, F. & PERNE, M. (2005): Condensation Corrosion: A Theoretical Approach.– Acta Carsol., 34/2, 317–347. doi: 10.3986/ac.v34i2.262
DRNIĆ, K.B. & DRNIĆ, I. (2023): An island in the heart of the Adriatic Sea – finds from the Rača cave on the island of Lastovo.– In: DRNIĆ, K.B., TRIMMIS, P.K. & DRNIĆ, I. (eds): Finds stories, addressing mobility through people and object biographies. Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, 17–30.
FARRANT, A.R. & SMART, P.L. (2011): Role of sediment in speleogenesis; sedimentation and paragenesis.– Geomorphology, 134, 79–93. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.006
GABROVŠEK, F., DREYBRODT, W. & PERNE, M. (2010): Physics of condensation corrosion in caves.– In: CARRASCO, F., VALSERO, J.J.D. & LAMOREAUX, J.W. (eds.): Advances in research in karst media. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 491–496. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-12486-0_75
GARAŠIĆ, M. (1991): Morphological and hydrogeological classification of speleological structures (caves and pits) in the Croatian karst area.– Geološki vjesnik, 44, 289–300.
GARAŠIĆ, M. (2021): The Dinaric Karst System of Croatia: Speleology and Cave Exploration.– Springer International Publishing, 462 p doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80587-6
GINÉS, J. (1995): L'endocarst de Mallorca: els mecanismes espeleogenètics/Mallorca's endokarst the speleogenetic mechanisms.– Endins: publicació d'espeleologia, 71–86.
HAMMER, Ø., HARPER, D.A. & RYAN, P. (2001): PASΤ: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis.– Palaeontologia Electrónica, 4, 1–9.
HÄUSELMANN, P. (2011): UIS mapping grades.– International Journal of Speleology, 40/2, 15.
JOUVES, J., VISEUR, S., ARFIB, B., BAUDEMENT, C., CAMUS, H., COLLON, P. & GUGLIELMI, Y. (2017): Speleogenesis, geometry, and topology of caves: A quantitative study of 3D karst conduits.– Geomorphology, 298, 86–106. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.019
LAURITZEN, S. & LAURITSEN, A. (1995): Differential diagnosis of paragenetic and vadose canyons.– Cave and Karst Science 21/2, 55–59.
LAURITZEN, S. & LUNDBERG, J. (2000): Solutional and erosional morphology of caves.– In: KLIMCHOUK, A., FORD, D.C., PALMER, A.N. & DREYBRODT, W. (eds.): Speleogenesis. Evolution of Karst Aquifers. Huntsville, National Speleological Society.
LAZARIDIS, G.T. (2022): Definition and process-based classification of caves.– Acta Carsol., 51/1, 65–77. doi: 10.3986/ac.v51i1.10611
LITTVA, J., HOK, J. & BELLA, P. (2015): Cavitonics: Using caves in active tectonic studies (Western Carpathians, case study).– Journal of Structural Geology, 80, 47–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2015.08.011
MARINČIĆ, S. (1997): Tectonic structure of the island of Hvar (southern Croatia).– Geologia Croatica, 50/1, 57–77.
MARJANAC, S. (1956): Pećine i jame otoka Lastova.– Speleolog, 4/1–2, 10–19.
OSBORNE, R.A.L. (2002): Cave breakdown by vadose weathering.– Int. J. Speleol., 31/1, 37–53. doi: 10.5038/1827-806X.31.1.3
PASINI, G. (2009): A terminological matter: paragenesis, antigravitative erosion or antigravitational erosion?– International Journal of Speleology, 38/2, 129–138. doi: 10.5038/1827-806X.38.2.4
PICCINI, L. (2011): Recent developments on morphometric analysis of karst caves.– Acta Carsologica, 40/1. doi: 10.3986/ac.v40i1.27
PLAN, L., FILIPPONI, M., BEHM, M., SEEBACHER, R. & JEUTTER, P. (2009): Constraints on alpine speleogenesis from cave morphology – a case study from the eastern Totes Gebirge (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria).– Geomorphology, 106/1–2, 118–129. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.011
SHANOV, S. & KOSTOV, K. (2014): Dynamic tectonics and karst.– Springer, 123 p. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-43992-0
SOKAČ, B., GRGASOVIĆ, T. & HUSINEC, A. (2014): Clypeina lagustensis n. sp., a new calcareous alga from the Lower Tithonian of the Lastovo Island (Croatia).– Geologia Croatica, 67/2, 75–86. doi: 10.4154/GC.2014.06
SURIĆ, M., LONČARIĆ, R. & LONČAR, N. (2010): Submerged caves of Croatia: distribution, classification and origin.– Environmental Earth Sciences, 61, 1473–1480. doi: 10.1007/s12665-010-0463-0
SZCZYGIEŁ, J., SOBCZYK, A., MACIEJEWSKI, M. & FERNANDEZ, O. (2022): Variscan vs. Alpine structural controls: Karstic proto-conduit development within Palaeozoic marble post-conditioned by Alpine faulting (the Niedźwiedzia Cave, NE Bohemian Massif).– Geomorphology, 415, 108423. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108423
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2002): The Karst Dinarides are composed of relics of a single Mesozoic platform: facts and consequences.– Geologia Croatica, 55/2, 171–183.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of the Adriatic carbonate platform: palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Paleogeography Paleoclimatology Paleoecology, 220, 333–360. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.011
WHITE, E. & WHITE, W. (2000): Breakdown morphology.– In: KIMCHOUK, A.B., FORD, D.C., PALMER, A.N. & DREYBRODT, W. (eds.): Speleogenesis: Evolution of karst aquifers. Huntsville, National Speleological Society, 2000, 427–429.
ZACZEK-PEPLINSKA, J. & KOWALSKA, M. (2022): Evaluation of the LiDAR in the Apple iPhone 13 Pro for use in Inventory Works.– In: XXVII FIG Congress, 11–15. Speleological Society, 2000, 427-429.
DORA, D., LAZARIDIS, G., VOUVALIDIS, K., TOKMAKIDIS, K. & VENI, G. (2023): Morphometric Analyses of Greek Caves: How Morphology Predicts Cave Origin.– Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 60/1, 14–26. doi: 10.12681/bgsg.34887
DREYBRODT, W., GABROVŠEK, F. & PERNE, M. (2005): Condensation Corrosion: A Theoretical Approach.– Acta Carsol., 34/2, 317–347. doi: 10.3986/ac.v34i2.262
DRNIĆ, K.B. & DRNIĆ, I. (2023): An island in the heart of the Adriatic Sea – finds from the Rača cave on the island of Lastovo.– In: DRNIĆ, K.B., TRIMMIS, P.K. & DRNIĆ, I. (eds): Finds stories, addressing mobility through people and object biographies. Archaeological Museum in Zagreb, 17–30.
FARRANT, A.R. & SMART, P.L. (2011): Role of sediment in speleogenesis; sedimentation and paragenesis.– Geomorphology, 134, 79–93. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.006
GABROVŠEK, F., DREYBRODT, W. & PERNE, M. (2010): Physics of condensation corrosion in caves.– In: CARRASCO, F., VALSERO, J.J.D. & LAMOREAUX, J.W. (eds.): Advances in research in karst media. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 491–496. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-12486-0_75
GARAŠIĆ, M. (1991): Morphological and hydrogeological classification of speleological structures (caves and pits) in the Croatian karst area.– Geološki vjesnik, 44, 289–300.
GARAŠIĆ, M. (2021): The Dinaric Karst System of Croatia: Speleology and Cave Exploration.– Springer International Publishing, 462 p doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80587-6
GINÉS, J. (1995): L'endocarst de Mallorca: els mecanismes espeleogenètics/Mallorca's endokarst the speleogenetic mechanisms.– Endins: publicació d'espeleologia, 71–86.
HAMMER, Ø., HARPER, D.A. & RYAN, P. (2001): PASΤ: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis.– Palaeontologia Electrónica, 4, 1–9.
HÄUSELMANN, P. (2011): UIS mapping grades.– International Journal of Speleology, 40/2, 15.
JOUVES, J., VISEUR, S., ARFIB, B., BAUDEMENT, C., CAMUS, H., COLLON, P. & GUGLIELMI, Y. (2017): Speleogenesis, geometry, and topology of caves: A quantitative study of 3D karst conduits.– Geomorphology, 298, 86–106. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.09.019
LAURITZEN, S. & LAURITSEN, A. (1995): Differential diagnosis of paragenetic and vadose canyons.– Cave and Karst Science 21/2, 55–59.
LAURITZEN, S. & LUNDBERG, J. (2000): Solutional and erosional morphology of caves.– In: KLIMCHOUK, A., FORD, D.C., PALMER, A.N. & DREYBRODT, W. (eds.): Speleogenesis. Evolution of Karst Aquifers. Huntsville, National Speleological Society.
LAZARIDIS, G.T. (2022): Definition and process-based classification of caves.– Acta Carsol., 51/1, 65–77. doi: 10.3986/ac.v51i1.10611
LITTVA, J., HOK, J. & BELLA, P. (2015): Cavitonics: Using caves in active tectonic studies (Western Carpathians, case study).– Journal of Structural Geology, 80, 47–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jsg.2015.08.011
MARINČIĆ, S. (1997): Tectonic structure of the island of Hvar (southern Croatia).– Geologia Croatica, 50/1, 57–77.
MARJANAC, S. (1956): Pećine i jame otoka Lastova.– Speleolog, 4/1–2, 10–19.
OSBORNE, R.A.L. (2002): Cave breakdown by vadose weathering.– Int. J. Speleol., 31/1, 37–53. doi: 10.5038/1827-806X.31.1.3
PASINI, G. (2009): A terminological matter: paragenesis, antigravitative erosion or antigravitational erosion?– International Journal of Speleology, 38/2, 129–138. doi: 10.5038/1827-806X.38.2.4
PICCINI, L. (2011): Recent developments on morphometric analysis of karst caves.– Acta Carsologica, 40/1. doi: 10.3986/ac.v40i1.27
PLAN, L., FILIPPONI, M., BEHM, M., SEEBACHER, R. & JEUTTER, P. (2009): Constraints on alpine speleogenesis from cave morphology – a case study from the eastern Totes Gebirge (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria).– Geomorphology, 106/1–2, 118–129. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.011
SHANOV, S. & KOSTOV, K. (2014): Dynamic tectonics and karst.– Springer, 123 p. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-43992-0
SOKAČ, B., GRGASOVIĆ, T. & HUSINEC, A. (2014): Clypeina lagustensis n. sp., a new calcareous alga from the Lower Tithonian of the Lastovo Island (Croatia).– Geologia Croatica, 67/2, 75–86. doi: 10.4154/GC.2014.06
SURIĆ, M., LONČARIĆ, R. & LONČAR, N. (2010): Submerged caves of Croatia: distribution, classification and origin.– Environmental Earth Sciences, 61, 1473–1480. doi: 10.1007/s12665-010-0463-0
SZCZYGIEŁ, J., SOBCZYK, A., MACIEJEWSKI, M. & FERNANDEZ, O. (2022): Variscan vs. Alpine structural controls: Karstic proto-conduit development within Palaeozoic marble post-conditioned by Alpine faulting (the Niedźwiedzia Cave, NE Bohemian Massif).– Geomorphology, 415, 108423. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108423
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2002): The Karst Dinarides are composed of relics of a single Mesozoic platform: facts and consequences.– Geologia Croatica, 55/2, 171–183.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of the Adriatic carbonate platform: palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Paleogeography Paleoclimatology Paleoecology, 220, 333–360. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.011
WHITE, E. & WHITE, W. (2000): Breakdown morphology.– In: KIMCHOUK, A.B., FORD, D.C., PALMER, A.N. & DREYBRODT, W. (eds.): Speleogenesis: Evolution of karst aquifers. Huntsville, National Speleological Society, 2000, 427–429.
ZACZEK-PEPLINSKA, J. & KOWALSKA, M. (2022): Evaluation of the LiDAR in the Apple iPhone 13 Pro for use in Inventory Works.– In: XXVII FIG Congress, 11–15. Speleological Society, 2000, 427-429.