Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of Holocene calcareous tufas distributed over a manganese deposit in Mexico
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Jun 21, 2024
Keywords:
calcareous tufas, manganese district, paleoenvironmental, reconstruction, Mexico
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Abstract
The Holocene calcareous tufa deposits are located in the north-central sector of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. These deposits outcrop on the Upper Jurassic Chipoco Formation in the Molango Manganese District. Calcareous tufa deposits correspond to carbonate formations of inactive tufas disconnected from the current hydrological network. To better understand the textural, geochemical, and biological characteristics and environmental conditions during their formation, a detailed study involving field analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and morphometric analysis with light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy was carried out. Similarly, 14C analysis was undertaken to determine the age of the deposit. On this basis, two biofacies were defined, one with stem structures and the other with Phyto clasts, bryophytes (Plagiomnium cuspidatum), and copepods, limited both at the base and the top by lenticular-shaped erosive surfaces and sigmoidal clinoforms. These bio facies formed in lacustrine and paludal environments, and barrier waterfalls. From a geomorphological point of view, the accumulations of these calcareous tufas originated on slopes and/or at the foot of karstic springs, where the accumulation of material originated from the height of the spring with respect to the bottom of the valley, giving rise to a set of stepped tuffaceous plains with a wedge-shaped profile, colonized by important masses of bryophyte mounds, copepods, and vascular plants. This suggests a swampy environment where sedimentation took place in shallow water accumulations, where there is clear evidence of exposure and pedogenetic modification, indicating wet and dry episodes that translate into seasonal fluctuations in the water table. Six mineral phases were observed including silicates, carbonates and arsenates. The 14C analysis indicates that the plant found in the charcoal sample within the calcareous tufa deposit is of Holocene age.
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References
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ARENAS ABAD, C., VÁZQUEZ-URBEZ, M., PARDO-TIRAPU, G. & SANCHO-MARCÉN, C. (2010): Fluvial and associated carbonate deposits.– Dev. Sedimentol., 61, 133–175. doi: 10.1016/S0070-4571(09)06103-2
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ARENAS, C., OSÁCAR, C., SANCHO, C., VÁZQUEZ-URBEZ, M., AUQUÉ, L. & PARDO, G. (2010): Seasonal Pentecost record from recent fluvial tufa deposits (Monasterio de Piedra, NE Spain).– Sedimentol. Stable. Isot. Data., Geological Society, London, Special Publications., 336/1, 119–142. doi: 10.1144/SP336.7
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AUQUÉ, L.F., ACERO, P., GIMENO, M.J., GÓMEZ, J.B. & ASTA, M.P. (2009): Hydrogeochemical modeling of a thermal system and lessons learned for CO2 geologic storage.– Chemi. Geol., 268/3, 324–336. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.011
AUQUÉ, L., ARENAS, C., OSÁCAR, C., PARDO, G., SANCHO, C. & VÁZQUEZ-URBEZ, M. (2013): Tufa sedimentation in changing hydrological conditions: the River Mesa (Spain).– Geol. Acta., 11/1, 85–102. doi: 10.1344/105.000001774
BUCCINO, G., D’ARGENIO, B., FERRERI, V., BRANCACCIO, L., FERRERI, M., PANICHI, C. & STANZIONE, D. (1978): I travertini della Bassa Valle del Tanagro (Campania); studio geomorfologico, edimentológico e geochimic.– Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., 97/4, 617–646. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(90)90124-C
CAPEZZUOLI, E., GANDIN, A. & PEDLEY, M. (2014): Decoding tufa and travertine (freshwater carbonates) in the sedimentary record: The state of the art.– Sedimentol., 61/1, 1–21. doi: 10.1111/sed.12075
CARCAVILLA, L., DE LA HERA, Á., FIDALGO, C. & GONZÁLEZ, J.A. (2009): Formaciones tobáceas generadas por comunidades briofíticas en aguas carbonatadas.– In: VV.AA. Bases ecológicas preliminares para la conservación de los tipos de hábitat de interés comunitario en España.–Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Madrid, 62 p.
CARCAVILLA, L., VEGAS, J. & CABRERA, A.M. (2019): Establecimiento de una tipología específica de formaciones tobáceas. Serie. Metodologías para el seguimiento del estado de conservación de los tipos de hábitat.– Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica, Madrid, 20 p.
CARRILLO-MARTÍNEZ, M.& SUTER, M. (1982): Tectónica de los alrededores de Zimapán, Hidalgo, in Libro-guía de la Excursión Geológica a la Región de Zimapán y Áreas Circundantes Early.– In: ALCAYDE, M. & DE CSERNA, Z.: VI Convención geológica nacional. Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Mexico, 1–20.
CHAFETZ, H.S., SRDOC, D. & HORVATINCIC, N. (1994): Diagenesis of Plitvice Lakes Waterfall and Barrier Travertine Deposits.– Geograph. Phys. Quat., 48/3, 247–255. doi: 10.7202/033006
DELLA PORTA, G. (2015): Carbonate build-ups in lacustrine, hydrothermal, and fluvial seƫ NGS: comparing depositional geometry, fabric types, and geochemical signature.– Geol. Soc., London, Special Publications, 418, SP418-4. doi:10.1144/SP418.4
DILSIZ, C. (2006): Conceptual hydrodynamic model of the Pamukkale hydrothermal field, southwestern Turkey, based on hydrochemical and isotopic data.– Hydrogeol. J., 14/4, 562–572. doi: 10.1007/s10040-005-0001-4
EGUILUZ DE ANTUÑANO, S., ARANDA GARCÍA, M. & MARRETT, R. (2000): Tectónica de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México.– Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex., 53, 1–26. doi: 10.18268/BSGM2000v53n1a1
FERNÁNDEZ-BADILLO, L., MANRÍQUEZ-MORÁN, N. L., CASTILLO- CERÓN, J. M., GOYENECHEA, I. (2016): Análisis herpetofaunístico de la zona árida del estado de Hidalgo.– Rev. Mex. Bio., 87/1, 156–170. doi: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.01.009
FORD, T.D. & PEDLEY, H.M. (1996): A review of tufa and travertine deposits of the world.– Earth. Sci. Rev., 41/3–4, 117–175. doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00030-X
GRADZIŃSKI, M., HERCMAN, H., JAŚKIEWICZ, M. & SZCZUREK, S. (2013): Holocene tufa in the Slovak Karst: facies, sedimentary environments, and depositional history.– Geol. Quat., 57/4, 769–788. doi: 10.7306/gq.1131
GOLUBIĆ, S. (1969): Cyclic and noncyclic mechanisms in the formation of travertine.– Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie.– Verhandlungen, 17/2, 956–961. doi: 10.1080/03680770.1968.11895941
GRIFFITHS, H.I. & PEDLEY, H.M. (1995): Did changes in late Last Glacial and early Holocene atmospheric CO2 concentracions control rates of tufa precipitation.– The Holocene, 5/2, 238–242.
HERMOSO DE LA TORRE, C. & MARTÍNEZ-PÉREZ, J. (1972): Medición detallada de formaciones del Jurásico Superior en el frente de la Sierra Madre Oriental.– Bol. Asoc. Mex. Geol. Petroleros, 24/1–3, 45–63.
JONES, B. & RENAUT, R.W. (2010): Calcareous spring deposits in continental settings.– Dev. Sedimentol., 61, 177–224. d oi: 10.1016/S0070-4571(09)06104-4
KANO, A., MATSUOKA, J., KOJO, T. & FUJII, H. (2003). Origin of annual laminations in tufa deposits, southwest Japan.– Palaeogeol. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 191/2, 243–262. doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(02)00717-4
LÓPEZ-RAMOS, E. (1972): Estudio del basamento ígneo y metamórfico de las zonas Norte y Poza Rica (entre Nautla, Ver. Y Jiménez, Tamps.).– Bol. Asoc. Mex. Geol. Petroleros., 24, 265–323.
MERZ-PREIß M. & RIDING R. (1999): Cyanobacterial tufa calcification in two freshwater streams: ambient environment, chemical thresholds, and biological processes.– Sediment. Geol., 126, 103–124. doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00035-4
MINISSALE, A. (2004): Origin, transport, and discharge of CO2 in central Italy.– Earth-Sci. Rev., 66/1, 89–141. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.09.001
OCHOA-CAMARILLO, H.R. (1996): Aspectos bioestratigráficos, palaeoecológicos y tectónicos del Jurásico (anticlinorio de Huayacocotla) en la región d e M olango, H idalgo.– I n: G ÓMEZ-CABALLERO, A . & ALCAYDE-ORRACA, M. (eds.): II Convención sobre la Evolución Geológica de México y Recursos Asociados, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, UAEH, Instituto de Geología, UNAM, Simposio y Coloquio, Mexico.
OCHOA-CAMARILLO, H., BUITRÓN, B.E. & SILVA-PINEDA, A. (1998): Contribución al conocimiento de la bioestratigrafía, palaeoecología y tectónica del Jurásico (Anticlinorio de Huayacotla) en la región de Molango, Hidalgo, México.– Rev. Mex. Cien. Geol., 15/1, 57–63.
ORDÓÑEZ, S., MARƠ N, J.G., DEL CURA, M.G. & PEDLEY, H.M. (2005): Temperate and semi-arid tufas in the Pleistocene to Recent fluvial barrage system in the Mediterranean area: The Ruidera Lakes Natural Park (Central Spain).– Geomorphol., 69/1, 332–350. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.02.002
PLATT, N.H. & WRIGHT, V.P. (1991): Lacustrine carbonates facies models, facies distributions, and hydrocarbon aspects.– In: ANADÓN, P., CABRERA, L. & KELTS, K. (eds.): Lacustrine facies analysis. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists. Ghent, Belgium. Inter. Assoc. Sedimentol., 13, 57–74. doi: 10.1002/9781444303919.ch3
PEDLEY, H.M. (1990): Classification and environmental models of cool freshwater tufas.– Sediment. Geol., 68, 143–154. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(90)90124-C
PENTECOST, A. & VILES, H. (1994): A review and reassessment of travertine classification: Geography.– Phys. Quat., 48, 305–14. doi: 10.7202/033011ar
PENTECOST, A. & ZHAOHUI, Z. (2002): Bryophytes from some travertinedepositing sites in France and the UK: relationships with climate and water chemistry.– J. Bryol., 24/3, 233–241. doi: 10.1179/037366802125001402
PENTECOST, A., JONES, B. & RENAUT, R.W. (2003): What is a hot spring?– Canadian J. Earth. Scien., 40/11, 1443–1446. doi: 10.1139/e03-083
PENTECOST, A. (2005): Travertine.– Springer Berlín-Heidelberg. 445 p. doi: 10.3141/pp445A
PLATT, N.H. & WRIGHT, V.P. (1992): Palustrine carbonates and the Florida Everglades: towards an exposure index for the freshwater environment?–J. Sediment. Petrol., 62, 1058– 1071. doi: 10.1306/D4267A4B-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
RUSSELL, I.C. (1883): Sketch of the geological history of Lake Lahonton.– U.S. Geology Survey Annu. Rep., 3, 189–235.
RUSSELL, I.C. (1889): Quatemary History of Mono Valley, California.– U.S. Geology Survey Annu. Rep., 8, 261–394.
SLACK, K.V. (1967): Physical and chemical description of Birch Creek, a travertine depositing stream, Inyo County, California.– US Government Printing Office. doi: 10.3133/pp549A
VILES, H.A., TAYLOR, M.P., NICOLL, K. & NEUMANN, S. (2007): Facies evidence of hydroclimatic regime shifts in tufa depositional sequences from the arid Naukluft Mountains, Namibia.– Sediment. Geol., 195/1, 39–53. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.07.007
VIOLANTE, C., FERRERI, V., D’ARGENIO, B. & GOLUBIC, S. (1994): Quaternary travertines at Rochetta a Volturno (Isernia, Central Italy). Facies analysis and sedimentary model of an organogenic carbonate system.– In: PreMeeting Fieldtrip Guidebook, A1, International Association of Sedimentologists, Ischia’94, 15th Regional Meeting, Italy, 5–23.
ARENAS ABAD, C., VÁZQUEZ-URBEZ, M., PARDO-TIRAPU, G. & SANCHO-MARCÉN, C. (2010): Fluvial and associated carbonate deposits.– Dev. Sedimentol., 61, 133–175. doi: 10.1016/S0070-4571(09)06103-2
ARENAS ABAD, C. (2017): Tobas y facies asociadas. Una factoría de carbonatos continentales en el Cuaternario.– Enseñ. Cien. Tierra., 25, 65–73. doi: 471050/110020171023
ARENAS, C., OSÁCAR, C., SANCHO, C., VÁZQUEZ-URBEZ, M., AUQUÉ, L. & PARDO, G. (2010): Seasonal Pentecost record from recent fluvial tufa deposits (Monasterio de Piedra, NE Spain).– Sedimentol. Stable. Isot. Data., Geological Society, London, Special Publications., 336/1, 119–142. doi: 10.1144/SP336.7
ARENAS, C., VÁZQUEZ-URBEZ, M., AUQUÉ, L., SANCHO, C., OSÁ-CAR, C. & PARDO, G. (2014): Intrinsic and extrinsic controls of spatial and temporal variations in modern fluvial tufa sedimentation: A thirteen-year record from a semi-arid environment.– Sedimentol., 61, 90–132. doi: 10.1111/sed.12045
AUQUÉ, L.F., ACERO, P., GIMENO, M.J., GÓMEZ, J.B. & ASTA, M.P. (2009): Hydrogeochemical modeling of a thermal system and lessons learned for CO2 geologic storage.– Chemi. Geol., 268/3, 324–336. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.011
AUQUÉ, L., ARENAS, C., OSÁCAR, C., PARDO, G., SANCHO, C. & VÁZQUEZ-URBEZ, M. (2013): Tufa sedimentation in changing hydrological conditions: the River Mesa (Spain).– Geol. Acta., 11/1, 85–102. doi: 10.1344/105.000001774
BUCCINO, G., D’ARGENIO, B., FERRERI, V., BRANCACCIO, L., FERRERI, M., PANICHI, C. & STANZIONE, D. (1978): I travertini della Bassa Valle del Tanagro (Campania); studio geomorfologico, edimentológico e geochimic.– Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., 97/4, 617–646. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(90)90124-C
CAPEZZUOLI, E., GANDIN, A. & PEDLEY, M. (2014): Decoding tufa and travertine (freshwater carbonates) in the sedimentary record: The state of the art.– Sedimentol., 61/1, 1–21. doi: 10.1111/sed.12075
CARCAVILLA, L., DE LA HERA, Á., FIDALGO, C. & GONZÁLEZ, J.A. (2009): Formaciones tobáceas generadas por comunidades briofíticas en aguas carbonatadas.– In: VV.AA. Bases ecológicas preliminares para la conservación de los tipos de hábitat de interés comunitario en España.–Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Madrid, 62 p.
CARCAVILLA, L., VEGAS, J. & CABRERA, A.M. (2019): Establecimiento de una tipología específica de formaciones tobáceas. Serie. Metodologías para el seguimiento del estado de conservación de los tipos de hábitat.– Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica, Madrid, 20 p.
CARRILLO-MARTÍNEZ, M.& SUTER, M. (1982): Tectónica de los alrededores de Zimapán, Hidalgo, in Libro-guía de la Excursión Geológica a la Región de Zimapán y Áreas Circundantes Early.– In: ALCAYDE, M. & DE CSERNA, Z.: VI Convención geológica nacional. Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Mexico, 1–20.
CHAFETZ, H.S., SRDOC, D. & HORVATINCIC, N. (1994): Diagenesis of Plitvice Lakes Waterfall and Barrier Travertine Deposits.– Geograph. Phys. Quat., 48/3, 247–255. doi: 10.7202/033006
DELLA PORTA, G. (2015): Carbonate build-ups in lacustrine, hydrothermal, and fluvial seƫ NGS: comparing depositional geometry, fabric types, and geochemical signature.– Geol. Soc., London, Special Publications, 418, SP418-4. doi:10.1144/SP418.4
DILSIZ, C. (2006): Conceptual hydrodynamic model of the Pamukkale hydrothermal field, southwestern Turkey, based on hydrochemical and isotopic data.– Hydrogeol. J., 14/4, 562–572. doi: 10.1007/s10040-005-0001-4
EGUILUZ DE ANTUÑANO, S., ARANDA GARCÍA, M. & MARRETT, R. (2000): Tectónica de la Sierra Madre Oriental, México.– Bol. Soc. Geol. Mex., 53, 1–26. doi: 10.18268/BSGM2000v53n1a1
FERNÁNDEZ-BADILLO, L., MANRÍQUEZ-MORÁN, N. L., CASTILLO- CERÓN, J. M., GOYENECHEA, I. (2016): Análisis herpetofaunístico de la zona árida del estado de Hidalgo.– Rev. Mex. Bio., 87/1, 156–170. doi: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.01.009
FORD, T.D. & PEDLEY, H.M. (1996): A review of tufa and travertine deposits of the world.– Earth. Sci. Rev., 41/3–4, 117–175. doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(96)00030-X
GRADZIŃSKI, M., HERCMAN, H., JAŚKIEWICZ, M. & SZCZUREK, S. (2013): Holocene tufa in the Slovak Karst: facies, sedimentary environments, and depositional history.– Geol. Quat., 57/4, 769–788. doi: 10.7306/gq.1131
GOLUBIĆ, S. (1969): Cyclic and noncyclic mechanisms in the formation of travertine.– Internationale Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie.– Verhandlungen, 17/2, 956–961. doi: 10.1080/03680770.1968.11895941
GRIFFITHS, H.I. & PEDLEY, H.M. (1995): Did changes in late Last Glacial and early Holocene atmospheric CO2 concentracions control rates of tufa precipitation.– The Holocene, 5/2, 238–242.
HERMOSO DE LA TORRE, C. & MARTÍNEZ-PÉREZ, J. (1972): Medición detallada de formaciones del Jurásico Superior en el frente de la Sierra Madre Oriental.– Bol. Asoc. Mex. Geol. Petroleros, 24/1–3, 45–63.
JONES, B. & RENAUT, R.W. (2010): Calcareous spring deposits in continental settings.– Dev. Sedimentol., 61, 177–224. d oi: 10.1016/S0070-4571(09)06104-4
KANO, A., MATSUOKA, J., KOJO, T. & FUJII, H. (2003). Origin of annual laminations in tufa deposits, southwest Japan.– Palaeogeol. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 191/2, 243–262. doi: 10.1016/0031-0182(02)00717-4
LÓPEZ-RAMOS, E. (1972): Estudio del basamento ígneo y metamórfico de las zonas Norte y Poza Rica (entre Nautla, Ver. Y Jiménez, Tamps.).– Bol. Asoc. Mex. Geol. Petroleros., 24, 265–323.
MERZ-PREIß M. & RIDING R. (1999): Cyanobacterial tufa calcification in two freshwater streams: ambient environment, chemical thresholds, and biological processes.– Sediment. Geol., 126, 103–124. doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00035-4
MINISSALE, A. (2004): Origin, transport, and discharge of CO2 in central Italy.– Earth-Sci. Rev., 66/1, 89–141. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.09.001
OCHOA-CAMARILLO, H.R. (1996): Aspectos bioestratigráficos, palaeoecológicos y tectónicos del Jurásico (anticlinorio de Huayacocotla) en la región d e M olango, H idalgo.– I n: G ÓMEZ-CABALLERO, A . & ALCAYDE-ORRACA, M. (eds.): II Convención sobre la Evolución Geológica de México y Recursos Asociados, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, UAEH, Instituto de Geología, UNAM, Simposio y Coloquio, Mexico.
OCHOA-CAMARILLO, H., BUITRÓN, B.E. & SILVA-PINEDA, A. (1998): Contribución al conocimiento de la bioestratigrafía, palaeoecología y tectónica del Jurásico (Anticlinorio de Huayacotla) en la región de Molango, Hidalgo, México.– Rev. Mex. Cien. Geol., 15/1, 57–63.
ORDÓÑEZ, S., MARƠ N, J.G., DEL CURA, M.G. & PEDLEY, H.M. (2005): Temperate and semi-arid tufas in the Pleistocene to Recent fluvial barrage system in the Mediterranean area: The Ruidera Lakes Natural Park (Central Spain).– Geomorphol., 69/1, 332–350. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.02.002
PLATT, N.H. & WRIGHT, V.P. (1991): Lacustrine carbonates facies models, facies distributions, and hydrocarbon aspects.– In: ANADÓN, P., CABRERA, L. & KELTS, K. (eds.): Lacustrine facies analysis. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists. Ghent, Belgium. Inter. Assoc. Sedimentol., 13, 57–74. doi: 10.1002/9781444303919.ch3
PEDLEY, H.M. (1990): Classification and environmental models of cool freshwater tufas.– Sediment. Geol., 68, 143–154. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(90)90124-C
PENTECOST, A. & VILES, H. (1994): A review and reassessment of travertine classification: Geography.– Phys. Quat., 48, 305–14. doi: 10.7202/033011ar
PENTECOST, A. & ZHAOHUI, Z. (2002): Bryophytes from some travertinedepositing sites in France and the UK: relationships with climate and water chemistry.– J. Bryol., 24/3, 233–241. doi: 10.1179/037366802125001402
PENTECOST, A., JONES, B. & RENAUT, R.W. (2003): What is a hot spring?– Canadian J. Earth. Scien., 40/11, 1443–1446. doi: 10.1139/e03-083
PENTECOST, A. (2005): Travertine.– Springer Berlín-Heidelberg. 445 p. doi: 10.3141/pp445A
PLATT, N.H. & WRIGHT, V.P. (1992): Palustrine carbonates and the Florida Everglades: towards an exposure index for the freshwater environment?–J. Sediment. Petrol., 62, 1058– 1071. doi: 10.1306/D4267A4B-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
RUSSELL, I.C. (1883): Sketch of the geological history of Lake Lahonton.– U.S. Geology Survey Annu. Rep., 3, 189–235.
RUSSELL, I.C. (1889): Quatemary History of Mono Valley, California.– U.S. Geology Survey Annu. Rep., 8, 261–394.
SLACK, K.V. (1967): Physical and chemical description of Birch Creek, a travertine depositing stream, Inyo County, California.– US Government Printing Office. doi: 10.3133/pp549A
VILES, H.A., TAYLOR, M.P., NICOLL, K. & NEUMANN, S. (2007): Facies evidence of hydroclimatic regime shifts in tufa depositional sequences from the arid Naukluft Mountains, Namibia.– Sediment. Geol., 195/1, 39–53. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.07.007
VIOLANTE, C., FERRERI, V., D’ARGENIO, B. & GOLUBIC, S. (1994): Quaternary travertines at Rochetta a Volturno (Isernia, Central Italy). Facies analysis and sedimentary model of an organogenic carbonate system.– In: PreMeeting Fieldtrip Guidebook, A1, International Association of Sedimentologists, Ischia’94, 15th Regional Meeting, Italy, 5–23.