The role of pollen and NPP research in palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Neolithic archaeological site “Gorjani-Topole” (Slavonia region, eastern Croatia)

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Dario Hruševar
Koraljka Bakrač
Božena Mitić
Ivona Baniček
Rajna Šošić Klindžić

Abstract

The palynological study of eight samples from the Gorjani-Topole archaeological site was conducted with the  aim of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. In total, 44 different palynomorphs were recorded: 12 pollen taxa,  23 fungal spores/remains, four algal cysts, one amoebae and four palynomorphs of unknown origin. Among the  non-pollen palynomorphs, Chomotriletes (previously Pseudoschizaea) occurred with the greatest frequency  and abundance. The low pollen richness accompanied by the presence of only a few  sporopolleninrich pollen types indicates unfavourable preservation conditions in the analysed core samples.
The dominance of erosion/desiccation indicators supports the scenario of significant oscillations of the  hydrological level in the sediments, with periodic drying of the substrate. Although the interpretation of  changes in plant cover, due to the reduced pollen spectrum, is not feasible, it is still possible to indicate  paleoecological trends and partially interpret them, considering the indicator value of the few preserved  palynomorphs. The findings of cultivated grass pollen (Cerealia) and other anthropogenic indicators including  weed pollen (Convolvulus arvensis) are of great importance. Moreover, Riccia moss spores or fungal Epicoccum  spores could also indicate the anthropogenic impact on the study area.

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