A complex landslide in the Rječina Valley: results of monitoring 1998-2010
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Published:
Sep 15, 2011
Keywords:
landslide, flysch, karst, displacement, monitoring
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Abstract
Results of landslide monitoring undertaken between 1998–2010 on the north-eastern slope of the central part of Rječina Valley in front of Grohovo village (north-eastern coastal part of Adriatic Sea, Croatia) are presented. This is the largest regional active landslide. The slopes around the Rječina riverbed are formed in siliciclastic sedimentary rocks with flysch characteristics. The bedrock is mostly covered with unstable slope formations. A limestone rock mass is visible on the cliffs around the top of the river valley. The landslide is complex and retrogressive, with 13 sliding bodies. It occurred in December 1996 by displacement of an initial landslide body where movement had been registered in the 19th century. The limestone mega-blocks and separated rocky towers on the top of the slope have also moved, which is an atypical phenomenon of the flysch slopes in the area of Rijeka. After initial sliding ceased, and major movements subsided, monitoring of benchmark movements from 1998 until 2010 determined further maximum displacements on the upper part of the slope, and minimum movement in the lower part. The area of the Rječina Valley from the Valići Dam to the Pašac Bridge was selected as a pilot area in the framework of the Croatian-Japanese bilateral joint research project. Monitoring results provided the basis of establishing an early warning system for possible landslide occurrence and estimating the degree of landslide risk.
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References
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MIHALIĆ, S., ARBANAS, Ž., KRKAČ, M., DUGONJIĆ, S. & FERIĆ, P. (2010): Landslide hazard maps and early warning systems aimed at landslide risk mitigation, Proceedings of Croatian platform for risk and catastrophe reduction, Zagreb, 18-2, (in Croatian).
MOSER, M. (2002): Geotechnical Aspects of Landslides in the Alps, In: Ribar, J. Stemberk, J. & Wagner, P. (eds) Landslides, Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Landslides, 24-26 June 2002, Prague. A.A. Balkema Publishers, 23-43.
RUBINIĆ, J., RUKAVINA, J., MILKOVIĆ, J., PILKO, J., ZEKO, J.& LUKARIĆ, S. (2010): Heavy precipitation occurrence in Rijeka - problems, measurements and analysis over time. Proceedings of 2nd Regional Rainfall Conference of the Balkans: Regional rainfall and climate change, Belgrade, (in press).
SKEMPOTON, A.W. & HUTCHINSON, J.N. (1969): Stability of natural slopes and embankment foundations, State of the Art Report: 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City: 291-340.
TOMLJENOVIĆ, B., HERAK, M., HERAK, D., KRALJ, K. & MATOŠ, B. (2010): New data on seismotectonic activity in Croatia. –In: HORVAT, M. (ed.): Abstract Book of the 4th Croatian Geological Congress, Šibenik, Croatian geological institute, Zagreb, 404-405.
VARNES, D.J. (1978): Slope Movements, Types and Processes. In: R.L. Schuster & R.J. Krizek (eds.), Landslides, Analysis and Controls, Report 176:11-33, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C.
VELIĆ, I. & VLAHOVIĆ, I. (2009): Geological map of the Republic of Croatia 1:300.000, Croatian geological institute, Zagreb, (in Croatian).
YIN, Y., ZHENG, W., LIU, Y., ZHANG, J. & LI, X. (2010): Integration of GPS with InSAR to monitoring of the Jiaju landslide in Sichuan, China. Landslides, 7, 359-365.
ANON (2011): State archive, Rijeka (unpublished).
ANTOINE, P. & GIRAUD, A. (1995), Typologie des Mouvements de Versants dans un Contexte. Bulletin IAEG. 51: 57-62.
ANTONELLO, G., CASAGLI, N., FARINA, P., LEVA, D., NICO, G., SIEBER, A.J. & TARCHI, D. (2004): Ground-based SAR interferometry for monitoring mass movements. Landslides, 1, 21-28.
BENAC, Č., ARBANAS, Ž., JARDAS, B., KASAPOVIĆ, S. & JURAK, V. (1999): Complex Landslide in the Rječina River Valley, Faculty of mining-geology and petrology, Almanac 11, 81-90, (in Croatian).
BENAC, Č., ARBANAS, Ž., JARDAS, B. JURAK, V & KOVAČEVIĆ, S.M. (2002): Complex landslide in the Rječina River valley (Croatia): results and monitoring. In: Landslides, 487-492 (J.RIBAR, J.STEMBERK, & P.WAGNER, eds.). Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Landslides, Prague, June 2002. A.A.BALKEMA, Lisse-Abingdon-Exton-Tokyo.
BENAC, Č., ARBANAS, Ž., JURAK, V., OŠTRIĆ, M. & OŽANIĆ, N. (2005 A): Complex landslide in the Rječina River valley (Croatia): origin and sliding mechanism. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 64(4): 361-371.
BENAC, Č., JURAK, V. & OŠTRIĆ, M. (2005 B): Qualitative assessment of geohazard in Rječina Valley, Croatia. Geophysical Research Abstract, Vol. 7, 08943, 1-6.
BENAC, Č., JURAK, V. & OŠTRIĆ, M. (2006): Qualitative assessment of geohazard in the Rječina Valley, Croatia. Proceedings of the 10th IAEG International Congress: IAEG Engineering geology for tomorrow’s cities, 658 (1-7), The Geological Society of London.
BENAC, Č., DUGONJIĆ, S., ARBANAS, Ž., OŠTRIĆ, M. & JURAK, V. (2009): The Origin of Instability Phenomena Along The Karst-Flysch Contacts. ISRM International Symposium Rock Engineering in Difficult Ground Conditions: Soft Rock and Karst, October, 2009, Cavtat (VRKLJAN, I., ed.), 757-761. CRC Press, Boca Raton-London-New York- Leiden.
BENAC, Č., DUGONJIĆ, S., OŠTRIĆ, M., ARBANAS, Ž. & ĐOMLIJA, P. (2010): Complex landslide in the Rječina River valley: monitoring results. In: HORVAT, M. (ed.) Proceedings of 4th Croatian geological congress, Šibenik, 157-158, Croatian geological institute, Zagreb.
BLAŠKOVIĆ, I., (1999): Tectonics of part of the Vinodol Valley within the model of the continental crust subduction, Geologia Croatica 52(2):153-189.
BORGATTI, L., CORSINI, A., BARBIERI, M., SARTINI, G., TRUFFELLI, G., CAPUTO, G. & PUGLISI, C. (2006): Large reactivated landslides in weak rock masses: a case study from the Northern Apennines (Italy), Landslides, 3, 115-124.
CASAGLI, N., CATANI, F., DEL VENTISETTE, C. & LUZI, G. (2010): Monitoring, prediction, and early warning using ground-based radar interferometry, Landslides, 7, 291-301.
CRUDEN, D.M. & VARNES, D.J. (1996): Landslide type and processes. In: TURNER, A.K. & SCHUSTER, R.L. (eds) Landslides: Investigation and Mitigation. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Special report 247, 36-75.
CROZIER M.J. (1984): Field assessment of slope instability. In: Brunsen D, Prior DB (eds) Slope Instability. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 103-142.
HERAK; M., HERAK, D. & MARKUŠIĆ, S. (1996): Revision of the earthquake catalogue and seismicity of Croatia, 1902-1992. Terra Nova, 8, 86-94.
HONG, Y., HIURA, H., SHINO, K., SASSA, K. & FUKUOKA, H. (2005): Quantitative assessment on the influence of heavy rainfall on the crystalline schist landslide by monitoring system-case study on Zentoku landslide, Japan. Landslides, 2, 31-41.
IAEG (1990): Suggested Nomenclature for Landslides, Bulletin IAEG, 41: 13-16.
KARLEUŠA, B., OŠTRIĆ, M. & RUBINIĆ, J. (2003): Water management elements in regional planning in karst, Rječina catchment area – case study. In: Proceedings: Water in karst area of watersheds Cetina, Nereta and Trebišnjica, University of Mostar, Mostar, 85-94 (in Croatian).
KORBAR, T. (2009): Orogenic evolution of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates, Earth-Science Reviews 96, 296–312.
MAGAŠ, O. & PALINIĆ, N. (1999): Rječina and Zvir: regulation and revitalization, State archive in Rijeka, 76 pp, (in Croatian).
MIHALIĆ, S., ARBANAS, Ž., KRKAČ, M., DUGONJIĆ, S. & FERIĆ, P. (2010): Landslide hazard maps and early warning systems aimed at landslide risk mitigation, Proceedings of Croatian platform for risk and catastrophe reduction, Zagreb, 18-2, (in Croatian).
MOSER, M. (2002): Geotechnical Aspects of Landslides in the Alps, In: Ribar, J. Stemberk, J. & Wagner, P. (eds) Landslides, Proceedings of the 1st European Conference on Landslides, 24-26 June 2002, Prague. A.A. Balkema Publishers, 23-43.
RUBINIĆ, J., RUKAVINA, J., MILKOVIĆ, J., PILKO, J., ZEKO, J.& LUKARIĆ, S. (2010): Heavy precipitation occurrence in Rijeka - problems, measurements and analysis over time. Proceedings of 2nd Regional Rainfall Conference of the Balkans: Regional rainfall and climate change, Belgrade, (in press).
SKEMPOTON, A.W. & HUTCHINSON, J.N. (1969): Stability of natural slopes and embankment foundations, State of the Art Report: 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City: 291-340.
TOMLJENOVIĆ, B., HERAK, M., HERAK, D., KRALJ, K. & MATOŠ, B. (2010): New data on seismotectonic activity in Croatia. –In: HORVAT, M. (ed.): Abstract Book of the 4th Croatian Geological Congress, Šibenik, Croatian geological institute, Zagreb, 404-405.
VARNES, D.J. (1978): Slope Movements, Types and Processes. In: R.L. Schuster & R.J. Krizek (eds.), Landslides, Analysis and Controls, Report 176:11-33, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C.
VELIĆ, I. & VLAHOVIĆ, I. (2009): Geological map of the Republic of Croatia 1:300.000, Croatian geological institute, Zagreb, (in Croatian).
YIN, Y., ZHENG, W., LIU, Y., ZHANG, J. & LI, X. (2010): Integration of GPS with InSAR to monitoring of the Jiaju landslide in Sichuan, China. Landslides, 7, 359-365.