Hydrodynamic characteristics of Mt. Biokovo foothill springs in Croatia
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Published:
Dec 28, 2011
Keywords:
karst hydrogeology, spring hydrograph, time series analysis, Biokovo
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Abstract
Spring hydrographs and thermographs are a direct reflection of all processes that occur within aquifer systems. Therefore, they contain significant information about the hydrogeological characteristics of such systems. This article analyses hydrographs and thermographs from four springs located in the foothills of the Mt. Biokovo massif in southern Croatia. These springs are recharged by carbonate aquifers. Monitoring of yields and groundwater temperatures, as well as analysing hydrograph recessions, daily discharge and rainfall time series and water temperature dynamics, facilitated the identification of the main properties of the aquifer system located in the hinterland of the individual springs. Significant differences in the recharge mechanisms of individual springs were determined to be a consequence of varying geological conditions, degree of karstification and conduit network characteristics. The results suggest that the Cretaceous and Palaeogene basinal carbonate deposits (Kotišina limestones and breccias), the hydrogeology of which has not yet been studied, have the characteristics of permeable karstic rocks.
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References
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BONACCI, O. (1993): Karst springs hydrographs as indicators of karst aquifers.– Hydrological Science Journal, 38/1-2, 51-62.
BOUSSINESQ, J. (1877): Essai sur la théorie des eaux courantes do mouvement nonpermanent des eaux souterraines.– Acad. Sci. Inst. Fr., 23, 252-260.
BOUSSINESQ, J. (1904): Recherches théoriques sur l'écoulement des nappes d'eau infiltrées dans le sol et sur le débit des sources.– J. Math. Pure Appl., 10, 5-78.
BOX, G.E.P. & JENKINS, G.M. (1974): Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control.– Holden Day, San Francisco, 575 p.
CHOROWICZ, J. (1975): Le devenir de la zone de Budva vers le Nord-Ouest de la Yougoslavie.– Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 7/17, 699–709.
D'ARGENIO, B., RADOIČIĆ, R. & SGROSSO, I. (1971): A paleogeographic section through the Italo-dinaric external zones during Jurassic and Cretaceous Times.– Nafta, 22/4-5, 195-2007.
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DROGUE, C. (1972): Analyse statistique des hydrogrammes de decrues des sources karstiques.– Journal of Hydrology, 15, 49-68. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(72)90075-3
GAJIĆ-ČAPKA, M., PERČEC TADIĆ, M. & PATARČIĆ, M. (2003): Digitalna godišnja oborinska karta Hrvatske [Digital annual precipitation map of Croatia – in Croatian].– Hrvatski meteorološki časopis, 38, 21-33.
GOLDSCHEIDER, N., DREW, D. & WORTHINGTON, S. (2007): Introduction.– In: GOLDSCHEIDER, N. & DREW, D. (eds.): Methods in Karst Hydrogeology: IAH: International Contributions to Hydrogeology, 26, Taylor and Francis, 1-8.
GRANDIĆ, S. (1974): Neke naftnogeološke karatkteristike naslaga Vanjskih Dinarida [Some regional petroleum geological characteristics of the External Dinarides deposits – in Croatian].– Nafta, 25/3, 111–120.
GRANDIĆ, S., BOROMISA-BALAŠ, E., ŠUŠTERČIĆ, M. & KOLBAH, S. (1999): Hydrocarbon possibilities in the Eastern Adriatic Slope zone of Croatian offshore area.– Nafta, 50/2, 51–73.
GRASSO, D.A. & JEANNIN, P.Y. (1994): Etude critique des méthodes d’analyse de la réponse globale des systèmes karstiques. Application au site de Bure (JU, Suisse) .– Bulletin d’Hydrogéologie de l’Université de Neuchâtel, 13, 87-113.
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HERAK, M. (1986): A new concept of geotectonics of Dinarides.– Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti: Acta geologica, 16, 1–42.
HERAK, M. (1987): Relationship Between Adriatic and Dinaric Carbonate Platforms.– Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 40, 289–293.
HERAK, M. (1991): Dinaridi - Mobilistički osvrt na genezu i strukturu [Dinarides - Mobilistic view of the genesis and structure – in Croatian].– Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti: Acta geologica, 21/2, (Prirodosl. istraž. 63), 35-117.
JELASKA, V., BENČEK, Đ., CVETKO TEŠOVIĆ, B., ČOSOVIĆ, V., GUŠIĆ, I., IŠTUK, Ž. & MATIČEC, D. (2003): Platform Dynamics During the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene – External Dinarides, Dalmatia. In: VLAHOVIĆ, I. & TIŠLJAR, J. (eds.): Evaluation of Depositional Environments from the Paleozoic to the Quaternary in the Karst Dinarides and Pannomian Basin, 22nd IAS Meeting of Sedimentology, Opatija – September 17-19, 2003, Field Trip Guidebook, 101-107, Zagreb.
KINDSVATER, C.E. & CARTER, R.W. (1959): Discharge characteristics of rectangular thin-plate weirs.– Transections. American Society of Civil Engineers. 24/3001.
KORBAR, T. (2009): Orogenic evaluation of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates.– Earth-Science Reviews, 96/4, 296-312. Doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.07.004
KORBAR, T., FUČEK, L., GRGASOVIĆ, T., PALENIK, D., NOVAK, V., KOCH, G., BLAGUS, Z., HUĐBER, K. & HODAK, T. (2010): Kompleksna geološka struktura zapadnog Biokova na trasi tunela Sv. Ilija [Complex geological structure of western Biokovo Mt. on the route of Sv. Ilija tunnel – in Croatian]. In: HORVAT, M. (ed.): 4. Croatian Geological Congress, Šibenik – October 14-15, 2010, Abstracts book CD, 392-393, Zagreb.
KOVAČIČ, G. (2010): Hydrogeological study of the Malenščica karst spring (SW Slovenia) by means of a time series analysis.– Acta Carsologica, 39/2, 201-215.
LAROCQUE, M., MANGIN, A., RAZACK, M. & BANTON, O. (1998): Contribution of correlation and spectral analyses to the regional study of a large karst aquifer (Charente, France).– Journal of Hydrology, 205, 217–231. Doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00155-8
MAILLET, E. (1905): Essais d’hydraulique souterraine et fluviale.– Librairie Sci. Hermann Paris, 218 p.
MANGIN, A. (1975): Contribution á l`étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques.– PhD These, Université de Dijon, 124 p.
MANGIN, A. (1984): Pour une meilleure connaissance des systemes hydrologiques a partir des analyses correlatoire et spectrale.– Journal of Hydrology, 67, 25-43. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(84)90230-0
MARINČIĆ, S., MAGAŠ, N., MAJCEN, Ž. & BENČEK, Đ. (1977): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ, list Ploče, 1:100.000, K 33-35 (Basic geological map of SFRY, Sheet Omiš). Inst. geol. istraž. Zagreb (1967-1971). Savezni geol. zavod, Beograd.
MILANOVIĆ, P. (1981): Karst Hydrogeology.– Water resources publication, Colorado, 434 p.
PADILLA, A., PULIDO-BOSCH, A. & MANGIN, A. (1994): Relative importance of baseflow and quickflow from hydrographs of karst spring.– Ground Water, 32/2, 267-277.
PADILLA, A. & PULIDO-BOSCH, A. (1995): Study of hydrographs of karstic aquifers by means of correlation and cross-spectral analysis.– Journal of Hydrology, 168, 73-89. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02648-U
PAMIĆ, J., GUŠIĆ, I. & JELASKA, V. (1998): Geodynamic evolution of Central Dinarides.–Tectonophysics, 297, 273–307.
PANAGOPOULOS, G. & LAMBRAKIS, N, (2006): The contribution of time series analysis to the study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst systems: Application on two typical karst aquifers of Greece (Trifilia, Almyros Crete).– Journal of Hydrology, 329, 368-376. Doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.023
RANTZ, S. E. et al. (1982): Measurement and computation of streamflow.– Volume 1: Measurement of stage and discharge. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper no. 2175.
SCHMID, S.M., BERNOULLI, D., FÜGENSCHUH, B., MATENCO, L., SCHEFER, S., SCHUSTER, R., TISCHLER, M. & USTASZEWSKI, K. (2008): The Alpine–Carpathian–Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units.– Swiss Journal of Geoscience, 101, 139–183. Doi: 10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3
TARI, V. (2002): Evolution of the Northern and Western Dinarides: A Tectonostratigraphic Approach.– European Geosciences Union: Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series, 1, 223–236. Doi:10.5194/smsps-1-223-2002
TIŠLJAR, J., VLAHOVIĆ. I., VELIĆ, I. & SOKAČ, B. (2002): Carbonate platform megafacies of the Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of the Karst Dinarides.– Geologica Croatica, 55/2, 139–170.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 220/3-4, 333-360.
VELIĆ, I., VLAHOVIĆ. I. & MATIČEC, D. (2002): Depositional sequences and palaeogeography of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform.– Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 57, 141–151.
WILLIAMS, P.W. (1983): The role of the subcutaneous zone in karst hydrology.– Journal of Hydrology, 61, 45-67. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(83)90234-2
BAKŠIĆ, D. & JALŽIĆ, B. (2001): Jama Amfora [The Amfora pit – in Croatian].– Speleo'zin, 14, 7-9.
BAKŠIĆ, D. & LACKOVIĆ, D. (2002): Jama Amfora, -614 m – najdublja jama Biokova [The Amfora pit, -614 m – the deepest pit of Mt. Biokovo – in Croatian].– Velebiten, 36, 16-22.
BONACCI, O. (1987): Karst Hydrology.– Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 173 p.
BONACCI, O. (1993): Karst springs hydrographs as indicators of karst aquifers.– Hydrological Science Journal, 38/1-2, 51-62.
BOUSSINESQ, J. (1877): Essai sur la théorie des eaux courantes do mouvement nonpermanent des eaux souterraines.– Acad. Sci. Inst. Fr., 23, 252-260.
BOUSSINESQ, J. (1904): Recherches théoriques sur l'écoulement des nappes d'eau infiltrées dans le sol et sur le débit des sources.– J. Math. Pure Appl., 10, 5-78.
BOX, G.E.P. & JENKINS, G.M. (1974): Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control.– Holden Day, San Francisco, 575 p.
CHOROWICZ, J. (1975): Le devenir de la zone de Budva vers le Nord-Ouest de la Yougoslavie.– Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France, 7/17, 699–709.
D'ARGENIO, B., RADOIČIĆ, R. & SGROSSO, I. (1971): A paleogeographic section through the Italo-dinaric external zones during Jurassic and Cretaceous Times.– Nafta, 22/4-5, 195-2007.
DEWANDEL, B., LACHASSAGNE, P., BAKALOWICZ, M., WENG, PH. & AL-MALKI, A. (2003): Evaluation of aquifer thickness by analysing recession hydrographs. Application to the Oman ophiolite hard-rock aquifer.– Journal of Hydrology, 274, 248-269. Doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00418-3
DROGUE, C. (1972): Analyse statistique des hydrogrammes de decrues des sources karstiques.– Journal of Hydrology, 15, 49-68. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(72)90075-3
GAJIĆ-ČAPKA, M., PERČEC TADIĆ, M. & PATARČIĆ, M. (2003): Digitalna godišnja oborinska karta Hrvatske [Digital annual precipitation map of Croatia – in Croatian].– Hrvatski meteorološki časopis, 38, 21-33.
GOLDSCHEIDER, N., DREW, D. & WORTHINGTON, S. (2007): Introduction.– In: GOLDSCHEIDER, N. & DREW, D. (eds.): Methods in Karst Hydrogeology: IAH: International Contributions to Hydrogeology, 26, Taylor and Francis, 1-8.
GRANDIĆ, S. (1974): Neke naftnogeološke karatkteristike naslaga Vanjskih Dinarida [Some regional petroleum geological characteristics of the External Dinarides deposits – in Croatian].– Nafta, 25/3, 111–120.
GRANDIĆ, S., BOROMISA-BALAŠ, E., ŠUŠTERČIĆ, M. & KOLBAH, S. (1999): Hydrocarbon possibilities in the Eastern Adriatic Slope zone of Croatian offshore area.– Nafta, 50/2, 51–73.
GRASSO, D.A. & JEANNIN, P.Y. (1994): Etude critique des méthodes d’analyse de la réponse globale des systèmes karstiques. Application au site de Bure (JU, Suisse) .– Bulletin d’Hydrogéologie de l’Université de Neuchâtel, 13, 87-113.
GUŠIĆ, I. & JELASKA, V. (1993): Upper Cenomanian–Lower Turonian sea-level rise and its consequences on the Adriatic–Dinaric carbonate platform.– Geologische Rundschau 82/4, 676–686.
HERAK, M. (1986): A new concept of geotectonics of Dinarides.– Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti: Acta geologica, 16, 1–42.
HERAK, M. (1987): Relationship Between Adriatic and Dinaric Carbonate Platforms.– Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 40, 289–293.
HERAK, M. (1991): Dinaridi - Mobilistički osvrt na genezu i strukturu [Dinarides - Mobilistic view of the genesis and structure – in Croatian].– Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti: Acta geologica, 21/2, (Prirodosl. istraž. 63), 35-117.
JELASKA, V., BENČEK, Đ., CVETKO TEŠOVIĆ, B., ČOSOVIĆ, V., GUŠIĆ, I., IŠTUK, Ž. & MATIČEC, D. (2003): Platform Dynamics During the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene – External Dinarides, Dalmatia. In: VLAHOVIĆ, I. & TIŠLJAR, J. (eds.): Evaluation of Depositional Environments from the Paleozoic to the Quaternary in the Karst Dinarides and Pannomian Basin, 22nd IAS Meeting of Sedimentology, Opatija – September 17-19, 2003, Field Trip Guidebook, 101-107, Zagreb.
KINDSVATER, C.E. & CARTER, R.W. (1959): Discharge characteristics of rectangular thin-plate weirs.– Transections. American Society of Civil Engineers. 24/3001.
KORBAR, T. (2009): Orogenic evaluation of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates.– Earth-Science Reviews, 96/4, 296-312. Doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.07.004
KORBAR, T., FUČEK, L., GRGASOVIĆ, T., PALENIK, D., NOVAK, V., KOCH, G., BLAGUS, Z., HUĐBER, K. & HODAK, T. (2010): Kompleksna geološka struktura zapadnog Biokova na trasi tunela Sv. Ilija [Complex geological structure of western Biokovo Mt. on the route of Sv. Ilija tunnel – in Croatian]. In: HORVAT, M. (ed.): 4. Croatian Geological Congress, Šibenik – October 14-15, 2010, Abstracts book CD, 392-393, Zagreb.
KOVAČIČ, G. (2010): Hydrogeological study of the Malenščica karst spring (SW Slovenia) by means of a time series analysis.– Acta Carsologica, 39/2, 201-215.
LAROCQUE, M., MANGIN, A., RAZACK, M. & BANTON, O. (1998): Contribution of correlation and spectral analyses to the regional study of a large karst aquifer (Charente, France).– Journal of Hydrology, 205, 217–231. Doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00155-8
MAILLET, E. (1905): Essais d’hydraulique souterraine et fluviale.– Librairie Sci. Hermann Paris, 218 p.
MANGIN, A. (1975): Contribution á l`étude hydrodynamique des aquifères karstiques.– PhD These, Université de Dijon, 124 p.
MANGIN, A. (1984): Pour une meilleure connaissance des systemes hydrologiques a partir des analyses correlatoire et spectrale.– Journal of Hydrology, 67, 25-43. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(84)90230-0
MARINČIĆ, S., MAGAŠ, N., MAJCEN, Ž. & BENČEK, Đ. (1977): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ, list Ploče, 1:100.000, K 33-35 (Basic geological map of SFRY, Sheet Omiš). Inst. geol. istraž. Zagreb (1967-1971). Savezni geol. zavod, Beograd.
MILANOVIĆ, P. (1981): Karst Hydrogeology.– Water resources publication, Colorado, 434 p.
PADILLA, A., PULIDO-BOSCH, A. & MANGIN, A. (1994): Relative importance of baseflow and quickflow from hydrographs of karst spring.– Ground Water, 32/2, 267-277.
PADILLA, A. & PULIDO-BOSCH, A. (1995): Study of hydrographs of karstic aquifers by means of correlation and cross-spectral analysis.– Journal of Hydrology, 168, 73-89. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)02648-U
PAMIĆ, J., GUŠIĆ, I. & JELASKA, V. (1998): Geodynamic evolution of Central Dinarides.–Tectonophysics, 297, 273–307.
PANAGOPOULOS, G. & LAMBRAKIS, N, (2006): The contribution of time series analysis to the study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst systems: Application on two typical karst aquifers of Greece (Trifilia, Almyros Crete).– Journal of Hydrology, 329, 368-376. Doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.02.023
RANTZ, S. E. et al. (1982): Measurement and computation of streamflow.– Volume 1: Measurement of stage and discharge. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper no. 2175.
SCHMID, S.M., BERNOULLI, D., FÜGENSCHUH, B., MATENCO, L., SCHEFER, S., SCHUSTER, R., TISCHLER, M. & USTASZEWSKI, K. (2008): The Alpine–Carpathian–Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units.– Swiss Journal of Geoscience, 101, 139–183. Doi: 10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3
TARI, V. (2002): Evolution of the Northern and Western Dinarides: A Tectonostratigraphic Approach.– European Geosciences Union: Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series, 1, 223–236. Doi:10.5194/smsps-1-223-2002
TIŠLJAR, J., VLAHOVIĆ. I., VELIĆ, I. & SOKAČ, B. (2002): Carbonate platform megafacies of the Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of the Karst Dinarides.– Geologica Croatica, 55/2, 139–170.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 220/3-4, 333-360.
VELIĆ, I., VLAHOVIĆ. I. & MATIČEC, D. (2002): Depositional sequences and palaeogeography of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform.– Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital., 57, 141–151.
WILLIAMS, P.W. (1983): The role of the subcutaneous zone in karst hydrology.– Journal of Hydrology, 61, 45-67. Doi:10.1016/0022-1694(83)90234-2