Geochemical discrimination of Early Palaeogene bauxites in Croatia
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Published:
Nov 15, 2011
Keywords:
Bauxite, Carbonate platform, Dinarides, Geochemistry, Discriminant function model
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Abstract
Two discriminant function models were created in order to distinguish between major- and trace-element geochemical patterns typical of Lower Palaeogene (Palaeocene, Pc) bauxites formed on the portion of the carbonate platform comprising the Karst or External Dinarides. Four groups of bauxites from Istria, North Adriatic Islands, North Dalmatia and Central Dalmatia have been distinguished, according to their specific combinations of major and trace elements, characteristic conditions of formation?, and processes prevailing in the karst environment during subaerial exposure of the carbonate platform. Typically, in both models the first discriminant function explains most of the system variability. However, the trace-element model proves itself as a more helpful predictive tool, representing the straightforward example of classification of the samples into four pre-defined groups of Pc bauxites. Generally, both models follow a characteristic trend in geochemical signature related to the recent geographical position of the bauxite deposits, namely a decrease in K2O and an increase in the Cr content in a SE direction (from Istria to Dalmatia). This was most probably the result of environmental conditions during the AdCP Cretaceous-Palaeogene emergent stage (Istria), and emplacement of parent rocks (ophiolite belt) supplying the necessary material for bauxite genesis (Central Dalmatia).
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References
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BURTON, E.D., JOHNSTON, S.G. & BUSH, R.T. (2011): Microbial sulfidogenesis in ferrihydrite-rich environments: Effects on iron mineralogy and arsenic mobility.- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75, 3072–3087. (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.001)
CALAGARI, A.A. & ABEDINI, A. (2007): Geochemical investigations on Permo-Triassic bauxite horizon at Kanisheeteh, east of Bukan, West-Azarbaidjan, Iran.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 94, 1-18. (doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.003)
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CHORLEY, R.J., SCHUMM, S.A. & SUGDEN, D.E. (1985): Encyclopedia of Geomorphology.- Routledge Publishing, 648 p.
CORBIN, J.-C., PERSON, A., IATZOURA, A., FERRĖ, B. & RENARD, M. (2000): Manganese in Pelagic carbonates: indication of major Tectonic events during the geodynamic evolution of a passive continental margin (the Jurassic European Margin of the Tethys–Ligurian Sea).- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 156, 123–138. (doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00135-2)
D’ARGENIO, B. & MINDSZENTY, A. (1995): Bauxites and related paleokarst: tectonic and climatic event markers at regional unconformities.- Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 88, 453–499.
DAVIS, J.C. (1986): Statistics and data analysis in geology.- John Wiley & Sons, New York, 646 p.
DE VOS, W., TARVAINEN, T. (Chief-editors), SALMINEN, R., REEDER, S., DE VIVO, B., DEMETRIADES, A., PIRC, S., BATISTA, M.J., MARSINA, K., OTTESEN, R.-T., O'CONNOR, P.J., BIDOVEC, M., LIMA, A., SIEWERS, U., SMITH, B., TAYLOR, H., SHAW, R., SALPETEUR, I., GREGORAUSKIENE, V., HALAMIĆ, J., SLANINKA, I., LAX, K., GRAVESEN, P., BIRKE, M., BREWARD, N., ANDER, E.L., JORDAN, G., DURIS, M., KLEIN, P., LOCUTURA, J., BEL-LAN, A., PASIECZNA, A., LIS, J., MAZREKU, A., GILUCIS, A., HEITZMANN, P., KLAVER, G., PETERSELL, V. (2006): Geochemical Atlas of Europe. Part 2 - Interpretation of Geochemical Maps, Additional Tables, Figures, Maps, and Related Publications, Geological Survey of Finland, 690 p.
DILLON, W.R. & GOLDSTEIN, M. (1984): Multivariate analysis: methods and applications.- John Wiley & Sons, New York, 575 p.
DOORNKAMP, J.C. & KING, C.A.M. (1971): Numerical analysis in geomorphology: an introduction.- Edward Arnold, London, 368 p.
DRAGIČEVIĆ, I. & VELIĆ, I. (2002): The northeastern margin of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform.- Geol. Croat., 55/2, 185 – 232.
ECONOMOU-ELIOPOULOS, M. (2003): Apatite and Mn, Zn, Co-enriched chromite in Ni-laterites of northern Greece and their genetic significance.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 80, 41–54. (doi:10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00181-X)
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GKRH (2009): Geološka karta Republike Hrvatske 1:300.000 [Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia 1:300.000 – in Croatian],- Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, 1 sheet.
HALAMIĆ, J. & MIKO, S. (Eds.) (2009): Geochemical Atlas of the Republic of Croatia.- Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, 88 p.
HOSE, H.R. (1986): Mediterranean karst bauxite genesis and plate tectonics during the Mesozoic.-In: 4th International Congress for the Study of Bauxite, Alumina and Aluminum (ICSOBA), Athens. Proceedings, 333-341.
HUGGET, R.J. (1998): Soil chronosequences, soil development and soil evolution: a critical review.- Catena, 32, 155-172. (doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(98)00053-8)
HERRMANN, L., ANONGRAK, N., ZAREI, M., SCHULER, U. & SPOHRER, K. (2007): Factors and processes of gibbsite formation in Northern Thailand.- Catena, 71, 279–291. (doi:10.1016/j.catena.2007.01.007)
HIERONYMUS, B., KOTSCHOUBEY, B., & BOULÈGUE, J. (2001): Gallium behaviour in some contrasting lateritic profiles from Cameroon and Brasil.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 72, 147-163. (doi:10.1016/S0375-6742(01)00160-1)
HUERTA-DIAZ, M.A. & MORSE, J.W. (1992): Pyritization of trace metals in anoxic marine sediments.- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 2681-2702.
KETZER, J.M., MORAD, S. & AMOROSI, A. (2003): Predictive diagenetic clay-mineral distribution in siliciclastic rocks within a sequence stratigraphic network.- Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. Assoc. Spec. Publ., 34, 43-51.
KLEBER, M., SCHWENDENMANN, L., VELDKAMP, E., RÖßNER, J. & JAHN, R. (2007): Halloysite versus gibbsite: silicon cycling as a pedogenetic process in two lowland neotropical rain forest soils of La Selva, Costa Rica.- Geoderma 138, 1–11. (doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.10.004)
KORBAR, T. (2009): Orogenic evolution of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates.- Earth-Science Reviews, 96, 296-312. (doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.07.004)
KRUMBEIN, W.C. & GREYBILL, F.A. (1965): An introduction to statistical models in geology.- McGraw-Hill, Toronto-London-Sydney, 475 p.
MACLEAN, W.H. & BARRETT, T.J. (1993): Lithogeochemical techniques using immobile elements.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 48, 109-133. (doi:10.1016/0375-6742(93)90002-4)
MATSCHULLAT, J., OTTENSTEIN, R. & REIMANN, C. (2000): Geochemical background – can we calculate it?.- Environ. Geol., 39(9), 990-1000. (doi:10.1007/s002549900084)
MATIČEC, D., VLAHOVIĆ, I., VELIĆ, I. & TIŠLJAR, J. (1996): Eocene limestone overlying Lower Cretaceous deposits of Western Istria (Croatia): did some parts of present Istria form land during the Cretaceous?.- Geologia Croatica, 49/1, 117–127.
MERINO, E. & BANERJEE, A. (2008): Terra Rossa Genesis, Implications for Karst, and Eolian Dust: A Geodynamic Thread.- The Journal of Geology, 116, 62-75. (doi:10.1086/524675)
ÖZLÜ, N. (1983): Trace element contents of karst bauxites and their parent rocks in the Mediterranean belt.- Mineralium Deposita, 18, 469–476.
PALMER, M. R. (1985): Rare earth elements in foraminifera tests.- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 73, 285-298. (doi:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90077-9)
PAMIĆ, J., TOMLJENOVIC, B. & BALEN, D. (2002): Geodynamic and petrogenetic evolution of Alpine ophiolites from the central and NW Dinarides: an overview.- Lithos, 65, 113–142. (doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00162-7)
PEH, Z. & HALAMIĆ, J. (2010): Discriminant function model as a tool for classification of stratigraphically undefined radiolarian cherts in ophiolite zones.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 107, 30-38. (doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.06.003)
PHILLIPS, J.D. (1999): Earth surface systems: complexity, order, and scale.- Blackwell, Malden, 180 p.
REIMANN, C. & FILZMOSER, P. (2000): Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry: death of a myth. Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data.- Env. Geol., 39(9), 1001-1014. (doi:10.1007/s002549900081)
REIMANN, C., FILZMOSER, P. & GARRET, R.G. (2005): Background and threshold: critical comparison of methods of determination.- Sci. Total Environ., 346, 1-16. (doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.023)
ROCK, N.M.S. (1988): Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 18: Numerical Geology.- Springer Verlag, Berlin, 427 p.
SAKAČ, K., ŠINKOVEC, B. & GABRIĆ, A. (1978): Geologija i paleogenski boksiti Moseć planine (Dalmacija, južna Hrvatska) [Geological setting and bauxites of Mt. Moseć, Dalmatia (south Croatia) – in Croatian, with an English Abstract].- Geol. vjesnik, 30/1, 199-218.
SAKAČ, K., ŠINKOVEC, B., JUNGWIRTH, E. & LUKŠIČ, B. (1984): Opća Obilježja geološke građe i ležišta boksita područja Imotskog [General characteristics of geological framework and bauxite deposits of Imotski area - in Croatian].- Geol. vjesnik, 37, 153-174.
SAKAČ, K. & ŠINKOVEC, B. (1991): The bauxites of the Dinarides.- Travaux, 23, 1-12.
SHELDON, N.D. & TABOR, N.J. (2009): Quantitative paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction using paleosols.- Earth-Science Reviews, 95, 1–52. (doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.03.004)
StatSoft, Inc., 2006. STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 7.1. www.statsoft.com.
ŠEBEČIĆ, B., PALINKAŠ, L., PAVIŠIĆ, D., ŠEBEČIĆ B. & TRUTIN, M. (1985): Bauxite occurrences in the region of Zavojane and northwardly of Imotski.- Geol. vjesnik, 38, 191-213.
ŠINKOVEC, B. (1973): The origin of Early Palaeogene bauxites of Istria, Yugoslavia.- Travaux, 3, 151-164.
ŠINKOVEC, B. & SAKAČ, K. (1981): Boksiti starijeg paleogene na otocima sjevernog Jadrana [The Early Paleogene Bauxites of North Adriatic Islands - in Croatian, with an English Abstract].- Geol. vjesnik, 33, 213-225.
ŠINKOVEC, B. & SAKAČ, K. (1991): Bauxite deposits of Yugoslavia – then state of the art.- Acta Geologica Hungarica, 34/4, 307-315.
ŠINKOVEC, B., SAKAČ, K. & DURN, G. (1994): Pyritized bauxites from Minjera, Istria, Croatia.- Natura Croatica, 3(1), 41-65.
ŠUŠNJARA, A., SAKAČ, K., GABRIĆ, A. & ŠINKOVEC, B. (1990): Boksiti područja Sinja u Srednjoj Dalmaciji [Bauxites in the Sinj area in Middle Dalmatia - in Croatian, with an English Abstract].- Geol. vjesnik, 43, 169-179.
TARDY, Y., TROLARD, F., EOQUIN, C. & NOVIKOFF, A. (1990): Distribution of hydrated and dehydrated minerals in lateritic profiles and landscapes.- In: Geochemistry of the Earth’s surface and of mineral formation, 2nd International Symposium, July, 2-8, 1990, 133-136.
TAYLOR, S.R. & MCLENNAN, S.M. (1985): The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution.- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 312 p.
TIŠLJAR, J., VLAHOVIĆ, I., VELIĆ, I. & SOKAČ, B. (2002): Carbonate platform megafacies of the Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of the Karst Dinarides.- Geol. Croat., 55/2, 139–170.
VALETON, I., BIERMANN, M., RECHE, R. & ROSENBERG, F. (1987): Genesis of nickel laterites and bauxites in Greece during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, and their relation to ultrabasic parent rocks.- Ore Geol. Rev., 2, 359-404. (doi:10.1016/0169-1368(87)90011-4)
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2002): The Karst Dinarides are composed of Relics of a single Mesozoic Platform: Facts and Consequences.- Geol. Croat., 55/2, 171-183.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 220, 333-360. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.011)
BARDOSSY, G. (1982): Karst bauxites: bauxite deposits on carbonate rocks.- Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 441 p.
BURTON, E.D., JOHNSTON, S.G. & BUSH, R.T. (2011): Microbial sulfidogenesis in ferrihydrite-rich environments: Effects on iron mineralogy and arsenic mobility.- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75, 3072–3087. (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.001)
CALAGARI, A.A. & ABEDINI, A. (2007): Geochemical investigations on Permo-Triassic bauxite horizon at Kanisheeteh, east of Bukan, West-Azarbaidjan, Iran.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 94, 1-18. (doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.003)
CHESTER, R. (1990): Marine Geochemistry.- Unwin Hyman, London, 689 p.
CHORLEY, R.J., SCHUMM, S.A. & SUGDEN, D.E. (1985): Encyclopedia of Geomorphology.- Routledge Publishing, 648 p.
CORBIN, J.-C., PERSON, A., IATZOURA, A., FERRĖ, B. & RENARD, M. (2000): Manganese in Pelagic carbonates: indication of major Tectonic events during the geodynamic evolution of a passive continental margin (the Jurassic European Margin of the Tethys–Ligurian Sea).- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 156, 123–138. (doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00135-2)
D’ARGENIO, B. & MINDSZENTY, A. (1995): Bauxites and related paleokarst: tectonic and climatic event markers at regional unconformities.- Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 88, 453–499.
DAVIS, J.C. (1986): Statistics and data analysis in geology.- John Wiley & Sons, New York, 646 p.
DE VOS, W., TARVAINEN, T. (Chief-editors), SALMINEN, R., REEDER, S., DE VIVO, B., DEMETRIADES, A., PIRC, S., BATISTA, M.J., MARSINA, K., OTTESEN, R.-T., O'CONNOR, P.J., BIDOVEC, M., LIMA, A., SIEWERS, U., SMITH, B., TAYLOR, H., SHAW, R., SALPETEUR, I., GREGORAUSKIENE, V., HALAMIĆ, J., SLANINKA, I., LAX, K., GRAVESEN, P., BIRKE, M., BREWARD, N., ANDER, E.L., JORDAN, G., DURIS, M., KLEIN, P., LOCUTURA, J., BEL-LAN, A., PASIECZNA, A., LIS, J., MAZREKU, A., GILUCIS, A., HEITZMANN, P., KLAVER, G., PETERSELL, V. (2006): Geochemical Atlas of Europe. Part 2 - Interpretation of Geochemical Maps, Additional Tables, Figures, Maps, and Related Publications, Geological Survey of Finland, 690 p.
DILLON, W.R. & GOLDSTEIN, M. (1984): Multivariate analysis: methods and applications.- John Wiley & Sons, New York, 575 p.
DOORNKAMP, J.C. & KING, C.A.M. (1971): Numerical analysis in geomorphology: an introduction.- Edward Arnold, London, 368 p.
DRAGIČEVIĆ, I. & VELIĆ, I. (2002): The northeastern margin of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform.- Geol. Croat., 55/2, 185 – 232.
ECONOMOU-ELIOPOULOS, M. (2003): Apatite and Mn, Zn, Co-enriched chromite in Ni-laterites of northern Greece and their genetic significance.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 80, 41–54. (doi:10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00181-X)
FORCE, E.R. (1991): Geology of Titanium-Mineral Deposits.- GSA Special Paper, 259, 112 p.
GKRH (2009): Geološka karta Republike Hrvatske 1:300.000 [Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia 1:300.000 – in Croatian],- Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, 1 sheet.
HALAMIĆ, J. & MIKO, S. (Eds.) (2009): Geochemical Atlas of the Republic of Croatia.- Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, 88 p.
HOSE, H.R. (1986): Mediterranean karst bauxite genesis and plate tectonics during the Mesozoic.-In: 4th International Congress for the Study of Bauxite, Alumina and Aluminum (ICSOBA), Athens. Proceedings, 333-341.
HUGGET, R.J. (1998): Soil chronosequences, soil development and soil evolution: a critical review.- Catena, 32, 155-172. (doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(98)00053-8)
HERRMANN, L., ANONGRAK, N., ZAREI, M., SCHULER, U. & SPOHRER, K. (2007): Factors and processes of gibbsite formation in Northern Thailand.- Catena, 71, 279–291. (doi:10.1016/j.catena.2007.01.007)
HIERONYMUS, B., KOTSCHOUBEY, B., & BOULÈGUE, J. (2001): Gallium behaviour in some contrasting lateritic profiles from Cameroon and Brasil.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 72, 147-163. (doi:10.1016/S0375-6742(01)00160-1)
HUERTA-DIAZ, M.A. & MORSE, J.W. (1992): Pyritization of trace metals in anoxic marine sediments.- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 2681-2702.
KETZER, J.M., MORAD, S. & AMOROSI, A. (2003): Predictive diagenetic clay-mineral distribution in siliciclastic rocks within a sequence stratigraphic network.- Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. Assoc. Spec. Publ., 34, 43-51.
KLEBER, M., SCHWENDENMANN, L., VELDKAMP, E., RÖßNER, J. & JAHN, R. (2007): Halloysite versus gibbsite: silicon cycling as a pedogenetic process in two lowland neotropical rain forest soils of La Selva, Costa Rica.- Geoderma 138, 1–11. (doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.10.004)
KORBAR, T. (2009): Orogenic evolution of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates.- Earth-Science Reviews, 96, 296-312. (doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.07.004)
KRUMBEIN, W.C. & GREYBILL, F.A. (1965): An introduction to statistical models in geology.- McGraw-Hill, Toronto-London-Sydney, 475 p.
MACLEAN, W.H. & BARRETT, T.J. (1993): Lithogeochemical techniques using immobile elements.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 48, 109-133. (doi:10.1016/0375-6742(93)90002-4)
MATSCHULLAT, J., OTTENSTEIN, R. & REIMANN, C. (2000): Geochemical background – can we calculate it?.- Environ. Geol., 39(9), 990-1000. (doi:10.1007/s002549900084)
MATIČEC, D., VLAHOVIĆ, I., VELIĆ, I. & TIŠLJAR, J. (1996): Eocene limestone overlying Lower Cretaceous deposits of Western Istria (Croatia): did some parts of present Istria form land during the Cretaceous?.- Geologia Croatica, 49/1, 117–127.
MERINO, E. & BANERJEE, A. (2008): Terra Rossa Genesis, Implications for Karst, and Eolian Dust: A Geodynamic Thread.- The Journal of Geology, 116, 62-75. (doi:10.1086/524675)
ÖZLÜ, N. (1983): Trace element contents of karst bauxites and their parent rocks in the Mediterranean belt.- Mineralium Deposita, 18, 469–476.
PALMER, M. R. (1985): Rare earth elements in foraminifera tests.- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 73, 285-298. (doi:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90077-9)
PAMIĆ, J., TOMLJENOVIC, B. & BALEN, D. (2002): Geodynamic and petrogenetic evolution of Alpine ophiolites from the central and NW Dinarides: an overview.- Lithos, 65, 113–142. (doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00162-7)
PEH, Z. & HALAMIĆ, J. (2010): Discriminant function model as a tool for classification of stratigraphically undefined radiolarian cherts in ophiolite zones.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 107, 30-38. (doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.06.003)
PHILLIPS, J.D. (1999): Earth surface systems: complexity, order, and scale.- Blackwell, Malden, 180 p.
REIMANN, C. & FILZMOSER, P. (2000): Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry: death of a myth. Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data.- Env. Geol., 39(9), 1001-1014. (doi:10.1007/s002549900081)
REIMANN, C., FILZMOSER, P. & GARRET, R.G. (2005): Background and threshold: critical comparison of methods of determination.- Sci. Total Environ., 346, 1-16. (doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.11.023)
ROCK, N.M.S. (1988): Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 18: Numerical Geology.- Springer Verlag, Berlin, 427 p.
SAKAČ, K., ŠINKOVEC, B. & GABRIĆ, A. (1978): Geologija i paleogenski boksiti Moseć planine (Dalmacija, južna Hrvatska) [Geological setting and bauxites of Mt. Moseć, Dalmatia (south Croatia) – in Croatian, with an English Abstract].- Geol. vjesnik, 30/1, 199-218.
SAKAČ, K., ŠINKOVEC, B., JUNGWIRTH, E. & LUKŠIČ, B. (1984): Opća Obilježja geološke građe i ležišta boksita područja Imotskog [General characteristics of geological framework and bauxite deposits of Imotski area - in Croatian].- Geol. vjesnik, 37, 153-174.
SAKAČ, K. & ŠINKOVEC, B. (1991): The bauxites of the Dinarides.- Travaux, 23, 1-12.
SHELDON, N.D. & TABOR, N.J. (2009): Quantitative paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction using paleosols.- Earth-Science Reviews, 95, 1–52. (doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.03.004)
StatSoft, Inc., 2006. STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 7.1. www.statsoft.com.
ŠEBEČIĆ, B., PALINKAŠ, L., PAVIŠIĆ, D., ŠEBEČIĆ B. & TRUTIN, M. (1985): Bauxite occurrences in the region of Zavojane and northwardly of Imotski.- Geol. vjesnik, 38, 191-213.
ŠINKOVEC, B. (1973): The origin of Early Palaeogene bauxites of Istria, Yugoslavia.- Travaux, 3, 151-164.
ŠINKOVEC, B. & SAKAČ, K. (1981): Boksiti starijeg paleogene na otocima sjevernog Jadrana [The Early Paleogene Bauxites of North Adriatic Islands - in Croatian, with an English Abstract].- Geol. vjesnik, 33, 213-225.
ŠINKOVEC, B. & SAKAČ, K. (1991): Bauxite deposits of Yugoslavia – then state of the art.- Acta Geologica Hungarica, 34/4, 307-315.
ŠINKOVEC, B., SAKAČ, K. & DURN, G. (1994): Pyritized bauxites from Minjera, Istria, Croatia.- Natura Croatica, 3(1), 41-65.
ŠUŠNJARA, A., SAKAČ, K., GABRIĆ, A. & ŠINKOVEC, B. (1990): Boksiti područja Sinja u Srednjoj Dalmaciji [Bauxites in the Sinj area in Middle Dalmatia - in Croatian, with an English Abstract].- Geol. vjesnik, 43, 169-179.
TARDY, Y., TROLARD, F., EOQUIN, C. & NOVIKOFF, A. (1990): Distribution of hydrated and dehydrated minerals in lateritic profiles and landscapes.- In: Geochemistry of the Earth’s surface and of mineral formation, 2nd International Symposium, July, 2-8, 1990, 133-136.
TAYLOR, S.R. & MCLENNAN, S.M. (1985): The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution.- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 312 p.
TIŠLJAR, J., VLAHOVIĆ, I., VELIĆ, I. & SOKAČ, B. (2002): Carbonate platform megafacies of the Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits of the Karst Dinarides.- Geol. Croat., 55/2, 139–170.
VALETON, I., BIERMANN, M., RECHE, R. & ROSENBERG, F. (1987): Genesis of nickel laterites and bauxites in Greece during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, and their relation to ultrabasic parent rocks.- Ore Geol. Rev., 2, 359-404. (doi:10.1016/0169-1368(87)90011-4)
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2002): The Karst Dinarides are composed of Relics of a single Mesozoic Platform: Facts and Consequences.- Geol. Croat., 55/2, 171-183.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005): Evolution of Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.- Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 220, 333-360. (doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.011)