Discriminant Function Analysis of Upper Miocene and Pliocene Sands from the Southwestern Part of the Pannonian Basin System, Croatia
Article Sidebar
Published:
Jul 24, 2009
Keywords:
Discriminant function analysis, heavy mineral association, lithostratigraphic units, Upper Miocene, Pannonian Basin System
Main Article Content
Abstract
Multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) of Upper Miocene and Pliocene sands of SW portion of Pannonian Basin System is performed in order to find out optimum criteria of separating previously defined informal lithostratigraphic units - Ozalj, Andraševec, Hum Zabočki, Cernik and Pluska. Heavy mineral association is employed as independent variables, or descriptors, in the process of discrimination and results of analysis established a clear and strong bond between characteristic heavy mineral assemblages in the Upper Miocene and Pliocene sands their affinity to particular lithostratigraphic units. In this respect, Pluska unit is especially highlighted, followed by Ozalj and Hum Zabočki units. Close heavy mineral/lithostratigraphic unit relationship was found very useful in unraveling the basic sedimentologic meaning hidden under specific discriminant functions in the mathematical model. The most prominent is DF1 accounting for almost three fourth of the total variance of the investigated sedimentary system. In accordance with its “key” mineral it is labeled kyanite function which indicates the (metamorphic) provenance of the siliciclastic mineral detritus. The second most important, DF2, is labeled garnet-zircon function and, being bipolar, it points at both provenance of siliciclastic material (older sedimentary rocks) and hydraulic conditions during the detritus transport and sedimentation. Finally, DF3 is of minor importance indicating stability of heavy mineral association in sandy sediments. Three lithostratigraphic units, namely Ozalj, Pluska and Hum Zabočki are clearly separated by the functions labeled after their distinctive (“key”) heavy minerals.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
Issue
Section
Original Scientific Papers
Authors have copyright and publishing rights on all published manuscripts.
References
AGRAWAL, S. (1995): Discrimination between late-orogenic, post-oro-genic, and anorogenic granites by major element compositions.− J. Geol., 103, 529−537.
BASCH, O. (1983): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000. Tumač za list Ivanić Grad. [Basic geological map of SFRY 1:100000. Geology of the Ivanić Grad sheet − in Croatian, English Summary].− Institut za geološka istraživanja, Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd, 1−66.
DAVIS, J.C. (1986): Statistics and data analysis in geology.− John Wiley and Sons, New York, 646 p.
DILLON, W.R. & GOLDSTEIN, J. (1984): Multivariate analysis: me-thods and applications.− John Wiley & Sons, New York, 575 p.
DOORNKAMP, J.C. & KING, C.A.M (1971): Numerical analysis in geomorphology: an introduction.− Edward Arnold Ltd., London, 372 p.
GRIZELJ, A., TIBLJAŠ, D. & KOVAČIĆ, M. (2007):Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Upper Miocene pelitic sediments of Zagorje Basin, a Pannonian sub-basin, Croatia.− Geol. Carpat., 58, 263−276.
GRIZELJ, A. (2008): Mineraloške i geokemijske značajke miocenskih pelitnih sedimenata jugozapadnog dijela Panonskog bazena [Min-eralogical and geochemical characteristic of Miocene pelitic sedi-ments from South-western part of Panonnian Basin − in Croatian with an English Summary].− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Sci-ence, University of Zagreb, 192 p.
HORVÁTH, F. (1995): Phases of compression during the evolution of the Pannonian Basin and its bearing on hydrocarbon exploration.− Mar. Petrol. Geol., 12, 147–154.
HORVATH, F. & ROYDEN, L.H. (1981): Mechanism for the Formation of the Intra-Carpathian Basins: A Rewiev.– Earth Sci. Rew., 3–4, 307−316.
JAMIČIĆ, D. (1995): The role of sinistral strike-slip faults in the forma-tion of the structural fabric of the Slavonian Mts. (Eastern Croatia).− Geol. Croat., 48, 155–160.
KOVÁČ, M., NAGYMAROSY, A., OSZCZYPKO, N., CSONTOS, L., SLACZKA, A., MARUNTEANU, M., MATENCO, L. & MARTON, E. (1998):Palinspatic reconstruction of the Carpathian–Pannonian region during the Miocene.− In: RAKÚS, M. (ed.): Geo dynamic de vel opment of the Western Carpathians. Miner. Slov. – Mono-graph., Bratislava, 189–217.
KOVAČIĆ, M. (2004): Sedimentologija gornjomiocenskih naslaga jugo-zapadnog dijela Panonskog bazena [Sedimentology of the Upper Miocene deposits from the southwestern part of Pannonian basin− in Croatian with an English Summary].− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 203 p.
KOVAČIĆ, M., ZUPANIČ, J., BABIĆ, LJ., VRSALJKO, D., MIKNIĆ, M., BAKRAČ, K. HEĆIMOVIĆ, I., AVANIĆ, R. & BRKIĆ, M. (2004): Lacustrine basin to delta evolution in the Zagorje Basin, a Pannonian sub-basin (Late Miocene: Pontian, NW Croatia).− Facies, 50, 19−33.
KOVAČIĆ, M., AVANIĆ, R., BAKRAČ, K., HEĆIMOVIĆ, I., FILJAK, R. & MORIĆ, A. (2005): Gornjomiocenski sedimenti Dilj gore [Late Miocene sediments of Dilj Mt. – in Croatian].− Knjiga saže-taka, 3. Hrvatski geološki kongres, Opatija, 77−78.
KOVAČIĆ, M & GRIZELJ, A. (2006):Provenance of the Upper Mio-cene clastic material in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Ba-sin.− Geol. Carpat., 57, 495−510.
KRUMBEIN, W.C. & GREYBILL, F. A. (1965): An introduction to sta-tistical models in geology.− McGraw-Hill, Toronto-London-Sidney, 475 p.
MAGYAR, I., GEARY, D.H. & MÜLLER, P. (1999): Paleogeographic evolution of the Late Miocene Lake Pannon in Central Europe.− Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeol., 147, 151−167.
MALVIĆ, T., VELIĆ, J & PEH, Z. (2005): Qualitative-quantitative anal-yses of the infl uence of depth and lithological composition on Low-er Pontian sandstone porosity in the central part of the Bjelovar sag (Croatia).– Geol. Croat., 58/1, 73–85.
MANN, C.J. (1987): Misuse of linear regression in earth sciences. In: SIZE, W.B. (ed.): Use and abuse of statistical methods in earth sci-enes.− Oxford University Press, New York, 74–106.
MARTON, E., PAVELIĆ, D., TOMLJENOVIĆ, B., AVANIĆ, R., PAMIĆ, J. & MARTON, P. (2002):Inthe wake of a counterclock-wise rotating Adriatic microplate: Neogene paleomagnetic results from northern Croatia.− Int. J. Earth. Sci., 91, 514−523, doi: 10.1007/s00531-001-0249-4
MENGE, M.A. & MAURER, H.F.W. (1992):Heavy Minerals in Col-our.− Chapman & Hall, London, 151 p.
PAVELIĆ, D. (2001): Tectonostratigraphic model for the North Croatian and North Bosnian sector of the Miocene Pannonian Basin Sys-tem.– Bas. Res., 13, 359–376.
PEH, Z., NOVOSEL-ŠKORIĆ, S. & KRUK, LJ. (1998): Discriminant analysis as a tool for the distinction of Quaternary sediments in the region of Đurđevac.− Geol. Croat., 51/1, 47–58.
PEH, Z., ŠAJN, R., HALAMIĆ, J. & GALOVIĆ, L. (2008): Multiple discriminant analysis of the Drava River alluvial plain sediments.– Environ. Geol., 55, 1519–1535, doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-1102-2.
ROCK, N.M.S. (1988): Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 18: Numerical Geology.− Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Lon-don-Paris-Tokyo, 427 p.
RÖGL, F. (1998) Paleogeographic considerations for Mediterranean and Paratethys seaways (Oligocene to Miocene).− Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 99A, 279–310.
RÖGL, F. (1999):Mediterranean and Paratethys. Facts and hypotheses of an Oligocene to Miocene paleogeography (short overview).− Geol. Carpat., 50/4, 339−349.
RÖGL, F. & STEININGER, F.F. (1983): Vom Zerfall der Tethys zu Mediterran und Paratethys.− Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 85A, 135–163.
ROTHWELL, R.G. (1989): Minerals and Mineraloids in Marine Sedi-ments: An optical Identifi cation Guide.− Elsevier, London, 279 p.
ROYDEN, L.H. (1988): Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Pannonian Basin System. In: Horváth F. & Royden L.H. (eds.): The Pannonian Ba-sin. A study in Basin evolution.− Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 45, 27–48.
ROYDEN, L.H., HORVATH, F., NAGYMAROSY, A. & STEGENA, L. (1983): Evolution of the Pannonian Basin System: 2. Subsidence and thermal history.– Tectonics, 2, 91–137.
SAFTIĆ, B., PEH, Z., VELIĆ, J. & JÜTTNER, I. (2001): Interdepend-ence of petrophysical properties and depth: some implications of multivariate solution between the Lower Pontian hydrocarbon-bear-ing sandstone units in the Western part of the Sava Depression.– Geol. Croat. 54/2, 259–277.
SIZE, W.B. (1987): Use of representative samples and sampling plans in describing geologic variability abd trends. In: SIZE, W.B. (ed.): Use and abuse of statistical methods in earth scienes.− Oxford Univer-sity Press, New York, 3−20.
ŠĆAVNIĆAR, B. (1979): Pješčenjaci pliocena i miocena Savske potoline [Sandstones of the Miocene and Pliocene age in the Sava Depression− in Croatian, with an English abstract].− Scientifi c Commitee for Petroleum of the Yugoslavian Academy of Science and Art (JAZU), 3rd scientifi c congress of section for applied geology, geophysics and geochemistry, Novi Sad (1977), Zagreb, 2, 351–383.
ŠIKIĆ, K., BASCH, O. & ŠIMUNIĆ, AN. (1979): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, Tumač za list Zagreb [Basic geological map of SFRY 1:100000, Geology of the Zagreb sheet – in Croatian, with an English Summary].– Geološki zavod Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd, 1–81.
ŠIMON, J. (1973): O nekim rezultatima regionalne korelacije litostrati-grafskih jedinica u jugozapadnom području Panonskog bazena.– Nafta, 24/12, 623–630.
ŠIMON, J. (1980): Prilog stratigrafi ji u taložnom sustavu pješčanih rezervoara Sava-grupe naslaga mlađeg tercijara u Panonskom ba-zenu sjeverne Hrvatske.− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 66 p.
ŠIMUNIĆ, AN. & ŠIMUNIĆ, AL. (1987): Rekonstrukcija neotekton-skih zbivanja u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj na temelju analize pont-skih sedimenata [The reconstruction of Neotectonic occurrence in North western Croatia based on analyses of Pontian sediments – in Cro atian, with an English Abstract].– JAZU (Zagreb), 431/22, 155–177.
TOMLJENOVIĆ, B. & CSONTOS, L. (2001): Neogene–Quaternary structures in the border zone between Alps, Dinarides and Pannon-ian Basin (Hrvatsko Zagorje and Karlovac Basins, Croatia).– Int. J. Earth. Sci., 90, 560–578, doi: 10.1007/s005310000176
VELIĆ, J. (1980): Geološka građa zapadnog dijela Savske potoline.− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 139 p.
VRSALJKO, D. (2003): Biostratigrafi ja miocenskih naslaga Žumbe-račkog i Samoborskog gorja na temelju mekušaca [Biostratigraphy of Miocene deposits from Žumberačko and Samoborsko gorje Mts. on the basis of Molluscs − in Croatian, with an English Summary].− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 147 p.
BASCH, O. (1983): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000. Tumač za list Ivanić Grad. [Basic geological map of SFRY 1:100000. Geology of the Ivanić Grad sheet − in Croatian, English Summary].− Institut za geološka istraživanja, Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd, 1−66.
DAVIS, J.C. (1986): Statistics and data analysis in geology.− John Wiley and Sons, New York, 646 p.
DILLON, W.R. & GOLDSTEIN, J. (1984): Multivariate analysis: me-thods and applications.− John Wiley & Sons, New York, 575 p.
DOORNKAMP, J.C. & KING, C.A.M (1971): Numerical analysis in geomorphology: an introduction.− Edward Arnold Ltd., London, 372 p.
GRIZELJ, A., TIBLJAŠ, D. & KOVAČIĆ, M. (2007):Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of Upper Miocene pelitic sediments of Zagorje Basin, a Pannonian sub-basin, Croatia.− Geol. Carpat., 58, 263−276.
GRIZELJ, A. (2008): Mineraloške i geokemijske značajke miocenskih pelitnih sedimenata jugozapadnog dijela Panonskog bazena [Min-eralogical and geochemical characteristic of Miocene pelitic sedi-ments from South-western part of Panonnian Basin − in Croatian with an English Summary].− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Sci-ence, University of Zagreb, 192 p.
HORVÁTH, F. (1995): Phases of compression during the evolution of the Pannonian Basin and its bearing on hydrocarbon exploration.− Mar. Petrol. Geol., 12, 147–154.
HORVATH, F. & ROYDEN, L.H. (1981): Mechanism for the Formation of the Intra-Carpathian Basins: A Rewiev.– Earth Sci. Rew., 3–4, 307−316.
JAMIČIĆ, D. (1995): The role of sinistral strike-slip faults in the forma-tion of the structural fabric of the Slavonian Mts. (Eastern Croatia).− Geol. Croat., 48, 155–160.
KOVÁČ, M., NAGYMAROSY, A., OSZCZYPKO, N., CSONTOS, L., SLACZKA, A., MARUNTEANU, M., MATENCO, L. & MARTON, E. (1998):Palinspatic reconstruction of the Carpathian–Pannonian region during the Miocene.− In: RAKÚS, M. (ed.): Geo dynamic de vel opment of the Western Carpathians. Miner. Slov. – Mono-graph., Bratislava, 189–217.
KOVAČIĆ, M. (2004): Sedimentologija gornjomiocenskih naslaga jugo-zapadnog dijela Panonskog bazena [Sedimentology of the Upper Miocene deposits from the southwestern part of Pannonian basin− in Croatian with an English Summary].− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 203 p.
KOVAČIĆ, M., ZUPANIČ, J., BABIĆ, LJ., VRSALJKO, D., MIKNIĆ, M., BAKRAČ, K. HEĆIMOVIĆ, I., AVANIĆ, R. & BRKIĆ, M. (2004): Lacustrine basin to delta evolution in the Zagorje Basin, a Pannonian sub-basin (Late Miocene: Pontian, NW Croatia).− Facies, 50, 19−33.
KOVAČIĆ, M., AVANIĆ, R., BAKRAČ, K., HEĆIMOVIĆ, I., FILJAK, R. & MORIĆ, A. (2005): Gornjomiocenski sedimenti Dilj gore [Late Miocene sediments of Dilj Mt. – in Croatian].− Knjiga saže-taka, 3. Hrvatski geološki kongres, Opatija, 77−78.
KOVAČIĆ, M & GRIZELJ, A. (2006):Provenance of the Upper Mio-cene clastic material in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Ba-sin.− Geol. Carpat., 57, 495−510.
KRUMBEIN, W.C. & GREYBILL, F. A. (1965): An introduction to sta-tistical models in geology.− McGraw-Hill, Toronto-London-Sidney, 475 p.
MAGYAR, I., GEARY, D.H. & MÜLLER, P. (1999): Paleogeographic evolution of the Late Miocene Lake Pannon in Central Europe.− Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeol., 147, 151−167.
MALVIĆ, T., VELIĆ, J & PEH, Z. (2005): Qualitative-quantitative anal-yses of the infl uence of depth and lithological composition on Low-er Pontian sandstone porosity in the central part of the Bjelovar sag (Croatia).– Geol. Croat., 58/1, 73–85.
MANN, C.J. (1987): Misuse of linear regression in earth sciences. In: SIZE, W.B. (ed.): Use and abuse of statistical methods in earth sci-enes.− Oxford University Press, New York, 74–106.
MARTON, E., PAVELIĆ, D., TOMLJENOVIĆ, B., AVANIĆ, R., PAMIĆ, J. & MARTON, P. (2002):Inthe wake of a counterclock-wise rotating Adriatic microplate: Neogene paleomagnetic results from northern Croatia.− Int. J. Earth. Sci., 91, 514−523, doi: 10.1007/s00531-001-0249-4
MENGE, M.A. & MAURER, H.F.W. (1992):Heavy Minerals in Col-our.− Chapman & Hall, London, 151 p.
PAVELIĆ, D. (2001): Tectonostratigraphic model for the North Croatian and North Bosnian sector of the Miocene Pannonian Basin Sys-tem.– Bas. Res., 13, 359–376.
PEH, Z., NOVOSEL-ŠKORIĆ, S. & KRUK, LJ. (1998): Discriminant analysis as a tool for the distinction of Quaternary sediments in the region of Đurđevac.− Geol. Croat., 51/1, 47–58.
PEH, Z., ŠAJN, R., HALAMIĆ, J. & GALOVIĆ, L. (2008): Multiple discriminant analysis of the Drava River alluvial plain sediments.– Environ. Geol., 55, 1519–1535, doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-1102-2.
ROCK, N.M.S. (1988): Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 18: Numerical Geology.− Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York-Lon-don-Paris-Tokyo, 427 p.
RÖGL, F. (1998) Paleogeographic considerations for Mediterranean and Paratethys seaways (Oligocene to Miocene).− Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 99A, 279–310.
RÖGL, F. (1999):Mediterranean and Paratethys. Facts and hypotheses of an Oligocene to Miocene paleogeography (short overview).− Geol. Carpat., 50/4, 339−349.
RÖGL, F. & STEININGER, F.F. (1983): Vom Zerfall der Tethys zu Mediterran und Paratethys.− Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 85A, 135–163.
ROTHWELL, R.G. (1989): Minerals and Mineraloids in Marine Sedi-ments: An optical Identifi cation Guide.− Elsevier, London, 279 p.
ROYDEN, L.H. (1988): Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Pannonian Basin System. In: Horváth F. & Royden L.H. (eds.): The Pannonian Ba-sin. A study in Basin evolution.− Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 45, 27–48.
ROYDEN, L.H., HORVATH, F., NAGYMAROSY, A. & STEGENA, L. (1983): Evolution of the Pannonian Basin System: 2. Subsidence and thermal history.– Tectonics, 2, 91–137.
SAFTIĆ, B., PEH, Z., VELIĆ, J. & JÜTTNER, I. (2001): Interdepend-ence of petrophysical properties and depth: some implications of multivariate solution between the Lower Pontian hydrocarbon-bear-ing sandstone units in the Western part of the Sava Depression.– Geol. Croat. 54/2, 259–277.
SIZE, W.B. (1987): Use of representative samples and sampling plans in describing geologic variability abd trends. In: SIZE, W.B. (ed.): Use and abuse of statistical methods in earth scienes.− Oxford Univer-sity Press, New York, 3−20.
ŠĆAVNIĆAR, B. (1979): Pješčenjaci pliocena i miocena Savske potoline [Sandstones of the Miocene and Pliocene age in the Sava Depression− in Croatian, with an English abstract].− Scientifi c Commitee for Petroleum of the Yugoslavian Academy of Science and Art (JAZU), 3rd scientifi c congress of section for applied geology, geophysics and geochemistry, Novi Sad (1977), Zagreb, 2, 351–383.
ŠIKIĆ, K., BASCH, O. & ŠIMUNIĆ, AN. (1979): Osnovna geološka karta SFRJ 1:100000, Tumač za list Zagreb [Basic geological map of SFRY 1:100000, Geology of the Zagreb sheet – in Croatian, with an English Summary].– Geološki zavod Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd, 1–81.
ŠIMON, J. (1973): O nekim rezultatima regionalne korelacije litostrati-grafskih jedinica u jugozapadnom području Panonskog bazena.– Nafta, 24/12, 623–630.
ŠIMON, J. (1980): Prilog stratigrafi ji u taložnom sustavu pješčanih rezervoara Sava-grupe naslaga mlađeg tercijara u Panonskom ba-zenu sjeverne Hrvatske.− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 66 p.
ŠIMUNIĆ, AN. & ŠIMUNIĆ, AL. (1987): Rekonstrukcija neotekton-skih zbivanja u sjeverozapadnoj Hrvatskoj na temelju analize pont-skih sedimenata [The reconstruction of Neotectonic occurrence in North western Croatia based on analyses of Pontian sediments – in Cro atian, with an English Abstract].– JAZU (Zagreb), 431/22, 155–177.
TOMLJENOVIĆ, B. & CSONTOS, L. (2001): Neogene–Quaternary structures in the border zone between Alps, Dinarides and Pannon-ian Basin (Hrvatsko Zagorje and Karlovac Basins, Croatia).– Int. J. Earth. Sci., 90, 560–578, doi: 10.1007/s005310000176
VELIĆ, J. (1980): Geološka građa zapadnog dijela Savske potoline.− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 139 p.
VRSALJKO, D. (2003): Biostratigrafi ja miocenskih naslaga Žumbe-račkog i Samoborskog gorja na temelju mekušaca [Biostratigraphy of Miocene deposits from Žumberačko and Samoborsko gorje Mts. on the basis of Molluscs − in Croatian, with an English Summary].− Unpubl. PhD. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 147 p.