The Rudnik Mts. volcano-intrusive complex (central Serbia): An example of how magmatism controls metallogeny
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Published:
Feb 18, 2016
Keywords:
quartzlatite, dacite, magma mixing, Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province
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Abstract
This study reports and discusses new radiometric ages, petrographical and volcanological observations and whole rock geochemical data of the rocks of the Rudnik Mts. volcano-intrusive complex. The complex hosts a Pb-Zn-Ag deposit and belongs to the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenetic belt. Two distinct igneous events are distignuished. The first occurred >30 Ma and was mainly characterized by extrusive and shallow intrusive dacites and andesites and was unrelated to mineralization. The second igneous event occurred <23 Ma and was highly heterogeneous in terms of volcanic products and petrographic varieties, but with predominance of quartzlatites. The dacite-andesites (first event) and the quartzlatites (second event) are geochemically similar and display a calc-alkaline affinity and highly incompatible element enriched patterns on spider diagrams, but the younger quartzlatites are richer in K2O, Rb and Ba and poorer in Sr. This is taken as evidence that mixing between an ultrapotassic lamprophyre/lamproite magma and an acid calc-alkaline (dacite-like) magma was essential petrogenetic processes during the second event. The proposed simplified volcanological model suggests that this mixing was responsible for triggering strongly explosive volcanic activity as well as for providing conditions for active hydrothermal and mineralization processes. The observed link between a specific magmatic phase and ore deposit formation can be a general phennomenon in the Balkans, and must be addressed by further and more advanced studies.
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References
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JANKOVIĆ, S. (1997): The Carpatho-Balkanides and adjacent area: A sector of the Tethyan Eurasian metallogenic belt.- Mineralium Deposita 32, 426-433.
JANKOVIĆ, S. (1966/67): Metalogenetske provincije i epohe u Jugoslaviji.- Zbornik radova Rudarsko-geološkog fakulteta, Beograd, 9/10, 57-83.
JANKOVIĆ, S. (1984): Major metallogenic units and ore deposits in Yugoslavia.- Exp. Memoir of the metallogenic map of Europe, 1:2500000, INESCO, Paris, 385-395.
JANKOVIĆ S., JELENKOVIĆ, R. & VUJIĆ, S. (2003): Mineral resources and potential prognosis of metallic and non-metallic mineral raw materials in Serbia and Montenegro at the end of the XX Century. Engieneering Academy of Serbia and Montenegro, Section of Mining and Geology sciences, Special Issue 2, Beograd, p. 876, ISBN: 86-903409-3-X.
JOVANOVIĆ, M., DOWNES, H., VASELLI, O., CVETKOVIĆ, V., PRELEVIĆ, D. & PECSKAY, Z. (2001): Paleogene mafic alkaline volcanic rocks of East Serbia. In: DOWNES, H. & VASELLI, O. (eds.): Tertiary magmatism in the Dinarides Balkan Peninsula. Acta Volcanologica, 13, 1/2, 159-173.
KARSLI, O., CHEN, B., AYDIN, F. & SEN, C. (2007): Geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of the Eocene Dolek and Saricicek Plutons, Eastern Turkey: Implications for magma interaction in the genesis of high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in a post-collision extensional setting.- Lithos 98, 67-96.
KORONEOS, A., POLI, G., CVETKOVIĆ, V., CHRISTOFIDES, G., KRSTIĆ, D. & PECSKAY, Z. (2011): Petrogenesis and tectonic inferences from the study of the Mt. Cer pluton (West Serbia).- Geol. Mag., 148, 1, 89–111.
LE BAS, M.J., LEMAITRE, R.W., STRECKEISEN, A. & ZANETTIN, B. (1986): A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali-silica diagram.- Journal of Petrology, 27, 745-750.
LOFGREN, G. (1971): Experimentally produced devitrification textures in natural rhyolitic glass.- Geological Society of America Bulletin, 82, 111-123.
MATENCO, L. & RADIVOJEVIĆ, D. (2012): On the formation and evolution of the Pannonian Basin: Constraints derived from the structure of the junction area between the Carpathians and Dinarides.- Tectonics 31, 6, TC6007, doi:10.1029/2012TC003206.
MAROVIĆ, M., KRSTIĆ, N., STANIĆ, S., CVETKOVIĆ, V. & PETROVIĆ, M. (1999): The evolution of Neogene sedimentation provinces of central Balkan Peninsula.- Bulletin of Geinstitute, 36, 25-94.
McDONOUGH, W.F. & SUN, S.S. (1995): The composition of the Earth.- Chemical Geology 120, (3–4), 223–253.
MILIĆ, Č.R. (1972): Rudonosne strukture i faktori kontrole orudnjavanja prostora u polimetaličnom ležištu Rundik. Zbornik radova VII kongresa geologa SFRJ, Zagreb, III, 111-124.
MLADENOVIĆ, A., TRIVIĆ, B. & CVETKOVIĆ, V. (2015): How tectonics controlled post-collisional magmatism within the Dinarides: Inferences based on study of tectono-magmatic events in the Kopaonik Mts. (Southern Serbia).- Tectonophysics 646:36-49, DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2015.02.001
NELSON, S.T. & MONTANA, A. (1992): Sieve-textured plagioclase in volcanic rocks produced by rapid decompression.- Am. Mineral. 77, 1242–1249.
PECCERILLO, A. & TAYLOR, S.R. (1976): Geochemistry of Eocene calcalkaline volcanic rocks from Kastamonu area, northern Turkey.- Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63–81.
PHILLIPS, W.J. (1972): Hydraulic fracturing and mineralisation.- Journal of the Geological Society of London, 128, 337-359.
POPOVIĆ R. & UMELJIĆ, G. (2015): Metalogenija planine Rudnik (pozicija u vremenu i prostoru). Povremena izdanja Rudnik i flotacija ’Rudnik’ doo Rudnik, Beograd, p. 224, ISBN: 978-86-918511-0-1.
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