An estimation of groundwater type and origin of the complex karst catchment using hydrological and hydrogeochemical parameters: A case study of the Gacka river springs
Article Sidebar
Published:
Oct 12, 2009
Keywords:
hydrogeology, karst, hydrogeochemistry, isotopic research, river Gacka, Croatia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Karst aquifers are heterogeneous terrains, where it is hard to assess any hydraulic parameter. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for research on karst aquifers. Catchment area of the Gacka river springs is typical Dinaric karst terrain built of karstified carbonates. Groundwater flow is mostly directed by preferential flow paths usually connected with main faults and fracture zones. In the presented case study structural geological and tectonic characteristics were defined. A recession diagram was created, and the water balance was calculated. Tracer-test data were also used for analysis. All these data were compared with the bulk hydrogeochemical and isotopic analyses of spring and surface waters. For this purpose, samples were obtained every month for one hydrological year at 17 sampling locations. Processing of all these data allowed a tenable definition of the Gacka spring catchment area.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
Issue
Section
Original Scientific Papers
Authors have copyright and publishing rights on all published manuscripts.
References
APPELO, C.A.J & POSTMA, D. (1994): Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution. Balkema, Rotterdam, 536 p.
AZZAZ, H., CHERCHALI, M., MEDDI, M., HOUHA, B., PUIG, J.M. & ACHACHI, A. (2008): The use of environmental isotopic and hydrochemical tracers to characterize the functioning of karst sys-tems in the Tlemcen Mountains, Northwest Algeria.– Hydrogeol. J., 16, 531–546. doi: 10.1007/s10040-007-0235-4
BAHUN, S. & FRITZ, F. (1975): Hidrogeološke specifi čnosti Jelar-naslaga [Hydrogeological specifi cities of the Jelar breccias – in Cro atian]. Geol. vjesnik, 28, 345–355.
BONACCI, O. (1987): Karst Hydrology with Special Reference to the Dinaric Karst. Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg, 9/4, 328–338.
BONACCI, O. (2001): Analysis of the maximum discharge of karst springs.– Hydrogeol., J., 9, 328–338. doi: 10.1007/s100400100142
BONACCI, O. & ANDRIĆ, I. (2008): Sinking karst rivers hydrology: case of the Lika and Gacka (Croatia).– Acta Carstologica, Postojna, 37/2–3, 185–196.
CLARK, I. & FRITZ, P. (1997) Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeol-ogy. Lewis, 328 p.DAVIS, J.C. (1986) Statistics and data analysis in geology. II ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 646 p.
DEWANDELA, B., LACHASSAGNEB, P., BAKALOWICZ, M., WENGB, P. & AL-MALKI, A. (2003): Evaluation of aquifer thick-ness by analysing recession hydrographs. Application to the Evalua-tion Oman ophiolite hard-rock aquifer.– J. Hydrol., 274, 248–269. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00418-3
DREVER, J.I. (1985): The geochemistry of natural waters. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 436 p.
GOTTSTEIN MATOČEC, S., BAKRAN-PETRICIOLI, T., BEDEK, J., BUKOVEC, D., BUZJAK, S., FRANIČEVIĆ, M., JALŽIĆ, B., KEROVEC, M., KLETEČKI, E., KRALJ, J., KRUŽIĆ, P., KUČINIĆ, M., KUHTA, M., MATOČEC, N., OZIMEC, R., RAĐA, T., ŠTAMOL, V., TERNJEJ, I. & TVRTKOVIĆ, N. (2002): An overview of the cave and interstitial biota of Croatia.– Natura Croatica, 11/1, 1–112.
GRGIĆ, S. (1990): Utjecaj agrotehničkih kemijskih sredstava na sadržaj teških metala u podzemnim vodama i tlu na području istočne Sla-vonije [Infl uence of the agrotechnic chemicals on heavy metal com-pound in groundwater and soil of eastern Slavonia – in Croatian].– Unpubl. Master’s Thesis. University of Zagreb, 148 p.
GUAY, B.E., EASTOE, C.J., BASSET, R. & LONG, A. (2006): Identi-fying sources of groundwater in the lower Colorado River valley, USA, with δ18O, δD, and 3H: implications for river water account-ing.– Hydrogeol. J., 14,146–158.
GUNN, J. (1982): Point – recharge of limestone aquifers – a model from New Zeland karst.– J. Hydrol., 61, 19–29.HEM, J.D. (1985): Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Character-istics of Natural Water. U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper, 2254, 263 p.
HORVATINČIĆ, N., KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I., PREZDIČ, J., SRDOČ, D. & OBELIĆ, B. (1986): The distribution of radioactive 3H, 14C and stable 2H, 18O isotopes in precipitation, surface and ground-waters.– Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B 17, 550–553.
IAEA (1981): Stable Isotope Hydrology. Tehnical Report Series no. 210, Vienna, 339 p.
IAEA (1983): Guidebook on Nuclear Techniques in Hydrology, Tech-nical report series no. 91, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 439 p.
KAPELJ, J., KAPELJ, S. & MIKO, S. (1999): Pristup istraživanju utje-caja poljoprivrede na krški izvor [An approach to the researching of the infl uence of agriculture on karst springs – in Croatian]. 2. Hrvatska konferencija o vodama (2nd Croatian water conference), Dubrovnik, Proc., 901–907.
KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I., HORVATINČIĆ, N., BAREŠIĆ, J., OBELIĆ, B. & VREČA, P. (2004): Isotope composition of precipitation in Croatia: comparison of continental and maritime stations. Proceed-ings of the International Workshop on the Application of Isotope Techniques in Hydrological and Environmental Studies. UNESCO, Paris, France, September 6–8, 2004.
KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I., HORVATINČIĆ, N., BAREŠIĆ, J., OBELIĆ, B., VREČA, P., LOJEN, S. & VIDIČ, S. (2003): Isotope composi-tion of precipitation in Croatia and Slovenia: Basic data for ground-water studies.– RMZ – Materials and Geoenvironmet, Groundwater in Geological Engineering, Ljubljana, 50/1, 173–176.
LUKAČ REBERSKI, J. (2008): Hidrogeološka i hidrogeokemijska osnova za defi niranje slijeva Gacke i zaštita njenog izvorišta [Hyd-ro geological and hydrogeochemical basis for the catchment area defi nition: A Gacka river springs catchment area – in Croatian].– Unpubl. Master’s Thesis. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu (Faculty of mining, geology and petroleum engineering, University of Zagreb), 118 p.
MARKOVIĆ, T., MIKO, S., KAPELJ, S., BULJAN, R., LARVA, O. & PEH, Z. (2006): Behaviour of metals and nutrients in soils and groundwater of a karst polje.– J. Geochem. Explor., 88/3, 124–129. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.024
PADILLA, A., PULIDO-BOSCH, A. & MANGIN, A. (1994): Relative importance of Basefl ow and Quickfl ow from Hydrographs of Karst Spring.– Ground Water, 32/2, 267–277.
PAVIČIĆ, A., KAPELJ, S. & LUKAČ, J. (2003): The infl uence of the Highway on the protected spring of Gacka river. RMZ – Materials and geoenvironment 50/1, 289–292.
PAVIČIĆ, A., TERZIĆ, J. & BEROVIĆ, N. (2006): Hydrogeological Relations of the Golubinka Karst Spring in Ljubač Bay, Dalmatia, Croatia.– Geol. Croat., 59, 123–135.
PEH, Z. & MIKO, S. (2003): Impact of Geomorphological Variables in Weighing the Lithological Infl uence on Geochemical Composition of Stream and Overbank Sediments: A Regression Model for the Žimberak Area (NW Croatia). Geol. Croat., 56/2, 199–214.
PLUMMER, L.N., PRESTEMON, E.C. & PARKHURST, D.L. (1994): An interactive code (NETPATH) for modelling net geochemical reactions alog a flow path, Version 2.0, USGS; Water-Resources Investigations Report 94–4169, Reston, Virginia.
PRELOGOVIĆ, E. (1989): Neotektonski pokreti u području sjevernog Velebita i dijela Like [Neotectonic movements in northern Velebit and part of Lika – in Croatian]. Geol. vjesnik, 42, 133–147.
SIMSEK, C., ELCI, A., GUNDUZ, O. & ERDOGAN, B. (2008): Hy-drogeological and hydrogeochemical characterization of a karstic mountain region.– Environ. Geol., 54, 291–308.
STEPINAC, A. (1969): Otjecanje u dinarskom kršu [Runoff in the Di-naric karst – in Croatian].– Krš Jugoslavije, Zagreb, 6, 207–235.
TERZIĆ, J., ŠUMANOVAC, F. & BULJAN, R. (2007): An assessment of hydrogeological parameters on the karstic island of Dugi Otok, Croatia.– J. Hydrol., 343/1–2, 29–42. doi: 10.1016/j.hydrol.2007.06.008
TERZIĆ, J., MARKOVIĆ, T. & PEKAŠ, Ž. (2008): Infl uence of sea wa-ter intrusion and agricultural production on the Blato Aquifer, Island of Korčula, Croatia.– Environ. Geol., 54/4, 719–729. doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0841-4
VELIĆ, I. (2007): Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic Benthic Foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides – SE Europe.– Geol. Croat., 60/1, 1–114.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005) Evo-lution of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 220, 333–360.
ŽUGAJ, M. (1981): Posebne analize u hidrotehnici [Special analyses in hydrotechnics – in Croatian].– Monography. Građevinski Institut, Sveučilišna naklada Liber, Zagreb, 140 p.
AZZAZ, H., CHERCHALI, M., MEDDI, M., HOUHA, B., PUIG, J.M. & ACHACHI, A. (2008): The use of environmental isotopic and hydrochemical tracers to characterize the functioning of karst sys-tems in the Tlemcen Mountains, Northwest Algeria.– Hydrogeol. J., 16, 531–546. doi: 10.1007/s10040-007-0235-4
BAHUN, S. & FRITZ, F. (1975): Hidrogeološke specifi čnosti Jelar-naslaga [Hydrogeological specifi cities of the Jelar breccias – in Cro atian]. Geol. vjesnik, 28, 345–355.
BONACCI, O. (1987): Karst Hydrology with Special Reference to the Dinaric Karst. Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg, 9/4, 328–338.
BONACCI, O. (2001): Analysis of the maximum discharge of karst springs.– Hydrogeol., J., 9, 328–338. doi: 10.1007/s100400100142
BONACCI, O. & ANDRIĆ, I. (2008): Sinking karst rivers hydrology: case of the Lika and Gacka (Croatia).– Acta Carstologica, Postojna, 37/2–3, 185–196.
CLARK, I. & FRITZ, P. (1997) Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeol-ogy. Lewis, 328 p.DAVIS, J.C. (1986) Statistics and data analysis in geology. II ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 646 p.
DEWANDELA, B., LACHASSAGNEB, P., BAKALOWICZ, M., WENGB, P. & AL-MALKI, A. (2003): Evaluation of aquifer thick-ness by analysing recession hydrographs. Application to the Evalua-tion Oman ophiolite hard-rock aquifer.– J. Hydrol., 274, 248–269. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00418-3
DREVER, J.I. (1985): The geochemistry of natural waters. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 436 p.
GOTTSTEIN MATOČEC, S., BAKRAN-PETRICIOLI, T., BEDEK, J., BUKOVEC, D., BUZJAK, S., FRANIČEVIĆ, M., JALŽIĆ, B., KEROVEC, M., KLETEČKI, E., KRALJ, J., KRUŽIĆ, P., KUČINIĆ, M., KUHTA, M., MATOČEC, N., OZIMEC, R., RAĐA, T., ŠTAMOL, V., TERNJEJ, I. & TVRTKOVIĆ, N. (2002): An overview of the cave and interstitial biota of Croatia.– Natura Croatica, 11/1, 1–112.
GRGIĆ, S. (1990): Utjecaj agrotehničkih kemijskih sredstava na sadržaj teških metala u podzemnim vodama i tlu na području istočne Sla-vonije [Infl uence of the agrotechnic chemicals on heavy metal com-pound in groundwater and soil of eastern Slavonia – in Croatian].– Unpubl. Master’s Thesis. University of Zagreb, 148 p.
GUAY, B.E., EASTOE, C.J., BASSET, R. & LONG, A. (2006): Identi-fying sources of groundwater in the lower Colorado River valley, USA, with δ18O, δD, and 3H: implications for river water account-ing.– Hydrogeol. J., 14,146–158.
GUNN, J. (1982): Point – recharge of limestone aquifers – a model from New Zeland karst.– J. Hydrol., 61, 19–29.HEM, J.D. (1985): Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Character-istics of Natural Water. U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper, 2254, 263 p.
HORVATINČIĆ, N., KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I., PREZDIČ, J., SRDOČ, D. & OBELIĆ, B. (1986): The distribution of radioactive 3H, 14C and stable 2H, 18O isotopes in precipitation, surface and ground-waters.– Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B 17, 550–553.
IAEA (1981): Stable Isotope Hydrology. Tehnical Report Series no. 210, Vienna, 339 p.
IAEA (1983): Guidebook on Nuclear Techniques in Hydrology, Tech-nical report series no. 91, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 439 p.
KAPELJ, J., KAPELJ, S. & MIKO, S. (1999): Pristup istraživanju utje-caja poljoprivrede na krški izvor [An approach to the researching of the infl uence of agriculture on karst springs – in Croatian]. 2. Hrvatska konferencija o vodama (2nd Croatian water conference), Dubrovnik, Proc., 901–907.
KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I., HORVATINČIĆ, N., BAREŠIĆ, J., OBELIĆ, B. & VREČA, P. (2004): Isotope composition of precipitation in Croatia: comparison of continental and maritime stations. Proceed-ings of the International Workshop on the Application of Isotope Techniques in Hydrological and Environmental Studies. UNESCO, Paris, France, September 6–8, 2004.
KRAJCAR BRONIĆ, I., HORVATINČIĆ, N., BAREŠIĆ, J., OBELIĆ, B., VREČA, P., LOJEN, S. & VIDIČ, S. (2003): Isotope composi-tion of precipitation in Croatia and Slovenia: Basic data for ground-water studies.– RMZ – Materials and Geoenvironmet, Groundwater in Geological Engineering, Ljubljana, 50/1, 173–176.
LUKAČ REBERSKI, J. (2008): Hidrogeološka i hidrogeokemijska osnova za defi niranje slijeva Gacke i zaštita njenog izvorišta [Hyd-ro geological and hydrogeochemical basis for the catchment area defi nition: A Gacka river springs catchment area – in Croatian].– Unpubl. Master’s Thesis. Rudarsko-geološko-naftni fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu (Faculty of mining, geology and petroleum engineering, University of Zagreb), 118 p.
MARKOVIĆ, T., MIKO, S., KAPELJ, S., BULJAN, R., LARVA, O. & PEH, Z. (2006): Behaviour of metals and nutrients in soils and groundwater of a karst polje.– J. Geochem. Explor., 88/3, 124–129. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.024
PADILLA, A., PULIDO-BOSCH, A. & MANGIN, A. (1994): Relative importance of Basefl ow and Quickfl ow from Hydrographs of Karst Spring.– Ground Water, 32/2, 267–277.
PAVIČIĆ, A., KAPELJ, S. & LUKAČ, J. (2003): The infl uence of the Highway on the protected spring of Gacka river. RMZ – Materials and geoenvironment 50/1, 289–292.
PAVIČIĆ, A., TERZIĆ, J. & BEROVIĆ, N. (2006): Hydrogeological Relations of the Golubinka Karst Spring in Ljubač Bay, Dalmatia, Croatia.– Geol. Croat., 59, 123–135.
PEH, Z. & MIKO, S. (2003): Impact of Geomorphological Variables in Weighing the Lithological Infl uence on Geochemical Composition of Stream and Overbank Sediments: A Regression Model for the Žimberak Area (NW Croatia). Geol. Croat., 56/2, 199–214.
PLUMMER, L.N., PRESTEMON, E.C. & PARKHURST, D.L. (1994): An interactive code (NETPATH) for modelling net geochemical reactions alog a flow path, Version 2.0, USGS; Water-Resources Investigations Report 94–4169, Reston, Virginia.
PRELOGOVIĆ, E. (1989): Neotektonski pokreti u području sjevernog Velebita i dijela Like [Neotectonic movements in northern Velebit and part of Lika – in Croatian]. Geol. vjesnik, 42, 133–147.
SIMSEK, C., ELCI, A., GUNDUZ, O. & ERDOGAN, B. (2008): Hy-drogeological and hydrogeochemical characterization of a karstic mountain region.– Environ. Geol., 54, 291–308.
STEPINAC, A. (1969): Otjecanje u dinarskom kršu [Runoff in the Di-naric karst – in Croatian].– Krš Jugoslavije, Zagreb, 6, 207–235.
TERZIĆ, J., ŠUMANOVAC, F. & BULJAN, R. (2007): An assessment of hydrogeological parameters on the karstic island of Dugi Otok, Croatia.– J. Hydrol., 343/1–2, 29–42. doi: 10.1016/j.hydrol.2007.06.008
TERZIĆ, J., MARKOVIĆ, T. & PEKAŠ, Ž. (2008): Infl uence of sea wa-ter intrusion and agricultural production on the Blato Aquifer, Island of Korčula, Croatia.– Environ. Geol., 54/4, 719–729. doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0841-4
VELIĆ, I. (2007): Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic Benthic Foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides – SE Europe.– Geol. Croat., 60/1, 1–114.
VLAHOVIĆ, I., TIŠLJAR, J., VELIĆ, I. & MATIČEC, D. (2005) Evo-lution of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform: Palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics.– Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 220, 333–360.
ŽUGAJ, M. (1981): Posebne analize u hidrotehnici [Special analyses in hydrotechnics – in Croatian].– Monography. Građevinski Institut, Sveučilišna naklada Liber, Zagreb, 140 p.