Age of the Jurassic hemipelagic sediments from the Ljubiš area (Zlatibor Mt., SW Serbia)
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Published:
Oct 22, 2020
Keywords:
radiolaria, Dinarides, Jurassic, stratigraphy, Serbia
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Abstract
The type section of the Ljubiš Formation, (Djokov Potok, Zlatibor area, western Serbia) is characterized by abundant poorly-to-moderately preserved radiolarians. The lower part of the type section is characterized by Middle Jurassic (?Bajocian to Bathonian) radiolarian assemblages with Japonocapsa fusiformis (YAO), Takemuraella weghae (GRILL & KOZUR), Eoxitus hungaricus KOZUR, E. baloghi KOZUR, Helvetocapsa matsuokai (SASHIDA), Quarkus japonicus (YAO), Hexasaturnalis suboblongus (YAO), H. tetraspinus (YAO). Taking into account previous data from the upper part of the Ljubiš Formation, the age of the formation can be estimated to be in the interval from the ?Bajocian to Bathonian-Oxfordian. The new biostratigraphic data clearly show the onset of tectonic motion in the Middle Jurassic, documented by the presence of mass transport deposits intercalated in the radiolarite successions. This suggests a Middle Jurassic onset of ophiolite obduction which triggered the rapid deepening of the Adria margin, documented by the abrupt change from carbonate to radiolarite deposition.
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BAUMGARTNER, P. O., BARTOLINI, A., CARTER, E. S., CONTI, M., CORTESE, G., DANELIAN, T., DE WEVER, P., DUMITRICA, P., DUMITRICA-JUD, R., GORIČAN, Š., GUEX, J., HULL, D., KITO, N., MARCUCCI, M., MATSUOKA, A., MURCHEY, B., O'DOGHERTY, L., SAVARY, J., VISHNEVSKAYA, V., WIDZ, D. & YAO, A. (1995b): Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous radiolarian biochronology of Tethys based on Unitary Associations. In: BAUMGARTNER, P.O., O'DOGHERTY, L., GORIČAN, Š., URQUHART, E., PILLEVUIT, A. & DE WEVER, P. (Eds.), Middle Jurassic to lower Cretaceous radiolaria of Tethys: Occurrences, Systematics, Biochronology. – Mémories de Géologie, 23, 1013–1048.
BRAGIN, N. Y., BRAGINA, L. G., DJERIĆ, N., & TOLJIĆ, M. (2011): Triassic and Jurassic radiolarians from sedimentary blocks of ophiolite mélange in the Avala Gora area (Belgrade surroundings, Serbia). – Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 19, 6, 631–640. doi: 10.1134/S0869593811050030
BRAGIN, N. Y., BRAGINA, L. G., DJERIĆ, N. & GERZINA SPAJIĆ, N. (2019a): Late Triassic radiolarians from the Grivska Formation. – Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 80, 1, 17–27.
BRAGIN, N. Y., BRAGINA, L. G., GERZINA SPAJIĆ, N., DJERIĆ, N. & SCHMID, S. (2019b): New radiolarian data from the Jurassic ophiolitic mélange of Avala Mountain (Serbia, Belgrade Region). – Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 112, 1, 235–249. doi: 10.1007/s00015-018-0313-8
CHIARI, M., BAUMGARTNER, P., BERNOULLI, D., BORTOLOTTI, V., MARCUCCI, M., PHOTIADES, A. & PRINCIPI, G. (2013): Late Triassic, Early and Middle Jurassic Radiolaria from ferromanganese-chert “nodules” (Angelokastron, Argolis, Greece): evidence for prolonged radiolarite sedimentation in the Maliac–Vardar Ocean. – Facies, 59, 391–424. doi: 10.1007/s10347-012-0314-4
CHIARI, M., DJERIĆ, N., GARFAGNOLI, F., HRVATOVIĆ, H., KRSTIĆ, M., LEVI, N., MALASOMA, A., MARRONI, M., MENNA, F., NIRTA, G., PANDOLFI, L., PRINCIPI, G., SACCANI, E., STOJADINOVIĆ, U. & TRIVIĆ, B. (2011): The Geology of the Zlatibor-Maljen area (Western Serbia): A Geotraverse across the Ophiolites of the Dinaric-Hellenic collisional belt. – Ofioliti, 36, 2, 139–166.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D., (1974): The Dinarides: A model based on "now Global Tectonics". In: Metallogeny and Concepts of the Geotectonic Development of Yugoslavia, Symposium, RGF, 141–178, Beograd.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D. (1997): Geology of Yugoslavia (187 pp.): Geological Institute GEMINI, Belgrade, 187 p.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.N. & DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D. (1991): Triassic carbonate platform of the Drina-Ivanjica element (Dinarides). – Acta Geol. Hung. 34, 15–44.
DJERIĆ, N., GERZINA, N. & SCHMID, M.S. (2007): Age of the Jurassic radiolarian chert formation from the Zlatar Mountain (SW Serbia). – Ofioliti, 32, 2, 101–108.
DJERIĆ, N., GERZINA, N. & SCHMID, M.S. (2012): Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages from the sedimentary cover of the Adriatic margin (Zlatibor Mountain, SW Serbia). – Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 183, 4, 359–368.
FERRIÈRE, J., CHANIER, F., BAUMGARTNER, P.O., DUMITRICA, P., CARIDROIT, M., BOUT-ROUMAZEILLES, V., GRAVELEAU, F., DANELIAN, T., VENTALON, S. (2015): The evolution of the Triassic-Jurassic Maliac oceanic lithosphere: insidhts from the supra-ophiolitic series of Othris (continental Greece). – Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 186, 6, 399–411. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.186.6.399
GAWLICK, H. J., MISSONI, S., SUDAR, M. N., SUZUKI, H., MÈRES, S., LEIN, R. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2018): The Jurassic Hallstatt Mѐlange of the Inner Dinarides (SW Serbia): Implications for Triassic-Jurassic geodynamic and palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Western Tethyan realm. – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 288 (1), 1–47.
GAWLICK, H. J., SUDAR, M. N., MISSONI, S., SUZUKI, H., LEIN, R. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2017): Jurassic geodynamic history of the Dinaridic Ophiolote Belt (Innere Dinarides, SW Serbia). – Journal of Alpine Geology, 55, 1–167.
GAWLICK, H. J., SUDAR, M., SUZUKI, H., DJERIĆ, N., MISSONI, S., LEIN, R., & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2009): Upper Triassic and Middle Jurassic radiolarians from the ophiolitic melange of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt, SW Serbia. – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 253, 2–3, 293–311. doi: 10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0253-0293
GAWLICK, H.-J., MISSONI, S., SUZUKI, H., SUDAR, M., LEIN, R. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2016): Triassic radiolarite and carbonate components from the Jurassic ophiolitic mélange (Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt). – Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 109, 3, 473–494. doi: 10.1007/s00015-016-0232-5
GAWLICK, H.-J., MISSONI, S. (2019): Middle-Late Jurassic sedimentary mélange formation related to ophiolite obduction in the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic Mountain Range. – Gondwana Research, 74, 144-172. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2019.03.003
GORIČAN, Š., KARAMATA, S., & BATOĆANIN-SREĆKOVIĆ, D. (1999): Upper Triassic (Carnian–Norian) Radiolarians in cherts of Sjenica (SW Serbia) and the time span of the oceanic realm ancestor of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt. – Bulletin Classe des Sciences Mathѐmatiques et Naturelles Sciences Naturelles Academie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, 39, 141–149.
GRILL, J. & KOZUR, H. (1986): First evidence on the Unuma echinatus radiolarian Zone in the Rudabánya Mts (Northern Hungary). – Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck, 13, 11, 239-275.
KARAMATA, S. (2006): The geological development of the Balkan Peninsula related to the approach, collision and compression of Gondwanan and Eurasian units. – In: ROBERTSON, A. H. F. & MOUNTRAKIS, D. (eds.): Tectonic development of the eastern mediterranean region. The Geological Society, London, special publications, 155–178. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.260.01.07
MISSONI, S., GAWLICK, H.-J., SUDAR, M.N., JOVANOVIĆ, D. & LEIN, R. (2012): Onset and demise of the Wetterstein Carbonate Platform in the mélange areas of the Zlatibor mountain (Sirogojno, SW Serbia). – Facies, 58, 95–111. doi: 10.1007/s10347-011-0274-0
O’DOGHERTY, L., BILL, M., GORIČAN, Š., DUMITRICA, P. & MASSON, H. (2006): Bathonian radiolarians from an ophiolitic mélange of the Alpine Tethys (Gets Nappe, Swiss-French Alps). – Micropaleontology, 51, 425–485. doi: 10.2113/gsmicropal.51.6.425
O'DOGHERTY, L., GORIČAN, Š. & GAWLICK, H.-J. (2017): Middle and Late Jurassic radiolarians from the Neotethys suture in the Eastern Alps. – Journal of Paleontology, 91, 1, 25–72. doi: 10.1017/jpa.2016.96
OBRADOVIĆ, J & GORIČAN, Š. (1988): Siliceous Deposits in Yugoslavia: Occurrences, Types, and Ages. In: HEIN, J.R. & OBRADOVIĆ, J. (Eds.). Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions. Springer, 51-64. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3494-4_4
PANTIĆ, S. & RAMPHOUX, J.-P. (1972): Concerning the Triassic in the Yugoslavian inner Dinarids (Southern Serbia, eastern Montenegro): microfacies, microfaunas, an attempt to give a paleogeographic reconstitution. – Mitt. Ges. Geol. Bergbaust., 21, 311–326.
RADOIČIĆ, R., JOVANOVIĆ, D. & SUDAR, M. (2009): Stratigraphy of the Krš Gradac section (SW Serbia). – Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 70, 23-41. doi: 10.2298/GABP0970023R
RAMPNOUX, J.-P. (1970): Regards sur les Dinarides internes yougoslaves (Serbie-Monténégro oriental): stratigraphie, évolution paléogéographique, magmatisme. – Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 7, 12, 6, 948–966. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XII.6.948
SCHMID, S., BERNOULLI, D., FÜGENSCHUH, B., MATENCO, L., SCHEFER, S., SCHUSTER, R., TISCHLER, M. & USTASZEWSKI, K. (2008): The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units. – Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101, 139–183. doi: 10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3
SUDAR, M. & GAWLICK, H.-J. (2018): Emendation of the Grivska Formation in their type area (Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt, SW Serbia). – Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 79, 1, 1–19. doi: 10.2298/GABP1879001S
SUDAR, M., GAWLICK, H.-J., LEIN, R., MISSONI, S., KOVÁCS, S. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2013): Depositional environment, age and facies of the Middle Triassic Bulog and Rid formations in the Inner Dinarides (Zlatibor Mountain, SW Serbia): evidence for the Anisian break-up of the Neotethys Ocean. – Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 269, 291–320. doi: 10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0352
SUZUKI, H., GAWLICK, H.-J. (2009): Jurassic radiolarians from cherty limestones below the Hallstatt salt mine (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria). – Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 251: 155–197. doi: 10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0251-0155
VISHNEVSKAYA, V., DJERIĆ, N. & ZAKARIADZE, G. S. (2009): New data on Mesozoic Radiolaria of Serbia and Bosnia, and implications for the age and evolution of oceanic volcanic rocks in the Central and Northern Balkans. – Lithos, 108, 1–4, 72–105. Doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.015
BAUMGARTNER, P. O., O'DOGHERTY, L., GORIČAN, Š., DUMITRICA-JUD, R., DUMITRICA, P., PILLEVUIT, A., URQUHART, E., MATSUOKA, A., DANELIAN, T., BARTOLINI, A., CARTER, E. S., DE WEVER, P., KITO, N., MARCUCCI, M. & STEIGER, T.A. (1995a) Radiolarian catalogue and systematics of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Tethyan genera and species. In: BAUMGARTNER, P.O., O'DOGHERTY, L., GORIČAN, Š., URQUHART, E., PILLEVUIT, A. & DE WEVER, P. (Eds.), Middle Jurassic to lower Cretaceous radiolaria of Tethys: Occurrences, Systematics, Biochronology. – Mémories de Géologie, 23, 37–685.
BAUMGARTNER, P. O., BARTOLINI, A., CARTER, E. S., CONTI, M., CORTESE, G., DANELIAN, T., DE WEVER, P., DUMITRICA, P., DUMITRICA-JUD, R., GORIČAN, Š., GUEX, J., HULL, D., KITO, N., MARCUCCI, M., MATSUOKA, A., MURCHEY, B., O'DOGHERTY, L., SAVARY, J., VISHNEVSKAYA, V., WIDZ, D. & YAO, A. (1995b): Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous radiolarian biochronology of Tethys based on Unitary Associations. In: BAUMGARTNER, P.O., O'DOGHERTY, L., GORIČAN, Š., URQUHART, E., PILLEVUIT, A. & DE WEVER, P. (Eds.), Middle Jurassic to lower Cretaceous radiolaria of Tethys: Occurrences, Systematics, Biochronology. – Mémories de Géologie, 23, 1013–1048.
BRAGIN, N. Y., BRAGINA, L. G., DJERIĆ, N., & TOLJIĆ, M. (2011): Triassic and Jurassic radiolarians from sedimentary blocks of ophiolite mélange in the Avala Gora area (Belgrade surroundings, Serbia). – Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 19, 6, 631–640. doi: 10.1134/S0869593811050030
BRAGIN, N. Y., BRAGINA, L. G., DJERIĆ, N. & GERZINA SPAJIĆ, N. (2019a): Late Triassic radiolarians from the Grivska Formation. – Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 80, 1, 17–27.
BRAGIN, N. Y., BRAGINA, L. G., GERZINA SPAJIĆ, N., DJERIĆ, N. & SCHMID, S. (2019b): New radiolarian data from the Jurassic ophiolitic mélange of Avala Mountain (Serbia, Belgrade Region). – Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 112, 1, 235–249. doi: 10.1007/s00015-018-0313-8
CHIARI, M., BAUMGARTNER, P., BERNOULLI, D., BORTOLOTTI, V., MARCUCCI, M., PHOTIADES, A. & PRINCIPI, G. (2013): Late Triassic, Early and Middle Jurassic Radiolaria from ferromanganese-chert “nodules” (Angelokastron, Argolis, Greece): evidence for prolonged radiolarite sedimentation in the Maliac–Vardar Ocean. – Facies, 59, 391–424. doi: 10.1007/s10347-012-0314-4
CHIARI, M., DJERIĆ, N., GARFAGNOLI, F., HRVATOVIĆ, H., KRSTIĆ, M., LEVI, N., MALASOMA, A., MARRONI, M., MENNA, F., NIRTA, G., PANDOLFI, L., PRINCIPI, G., SACCANI, E., STOJADINOVIĆ, U. & TRIVIĆ, B. (2011): The Geology of the Zlatibor-Maljen area (Western Serbia): A Geotraverse across the Ophiolites of the Dinaric-Hellenic collisional belt. – Ofioliti, 36, 2, 139–166.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D., (1974): The Dinarides: A model based on "now Global Tectonics". In: Metallogeny and Concepts of the Geotectonic Development of Yugoslavia, Symposium, RGF, 141–178, Beograd.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D. (1997): Geology of Yugoslavia (187 pp.): Geological Institute GEMINI, Belgrade, 187 p.
DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.N. & DIMITRIJEVIĆ, M.D. (1991): Triassic carbonate platform of the Drina-Ivanjica element (Dinarides). – Acta Geol. Hung. 34, 15–44.
DJERIĆ, N., GERZINA, N. & SCHMID, M.S. (2007): Age of the Jurassic radiolarian chert formation from the Zlatar Mountain (SW Serbia). – Ofioliti, 32, 2, 101–108.
DJERIĆ, N., GERZINA, N. & SCHMID, M.S. (2012): Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages from the sedimentary cover of the Adriatic margin (Zlatibor Mountain, SW Serbia). – Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 183, 4, 359–368.
FERRIÈRE, J., CHANIER, F., BAUMGARTNER, P.O., DUMITRICA, P., CARIDROIT, M., BOUT-ROUMAZEILLES, V., GRAVELEAU, F., DANELIAN, T., VENTALON, S. (2015): The evolution of the Triassic-Jurassic Maliac oceanic lithosphere: insidhts from the supra-ophiolitic series of Othris (continental Greece). – Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 186, 6, 399–411. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.186.6.399
GAWLICK, H. J., MISSONI, S., SUDAR, M. N., SUZUKI, H., MÈRES, S., LEIN, R. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2018): The Jurassic Hallstatt Mѐlange of the Inner Dinarides (SW Serbia): Implications for Triassic-Jurassic geodynamic and palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Western Tethyan realm. – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, 288 (1), 1–47.
GAWLICK, H. J., SUDAR, M. N., MISSONI, S., SUZUKI, H., LEIN, R. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2017): Jurassic geodynamic history of the Dinaridic Ophiolote Belt (Innere Dinarides, SW Serbia). – Journal of Alpine Geology, 55, 1–167.
GAWLICK, H. J., SUDAR, M., SUZUKI, H., DJERIĆ, N., MISSONI, S., LEIN, R., & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2009): Upper Triassic and Middle Jurassic radiolarians from the ophiolitic melange of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt, SW Serbia. – Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 253, 2–3, 293–311. doi: 10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0253-0293
GAWLICK, H.-J., MISSONI, S., SUZUKI, H., SUDAR, M., LEIN, R. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2016): Triassic radiolarite and carbonate components from the Jurassic ophiolitic mélange (Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt). – Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 109, 3, 473–494. doi: 10.1007/s00015-016-0232-5
GAWLICK, H.-J., MISSONI, S. (2019): Middle-Late Jurassic sedimentary mélange formation related to ophiolite obduction in the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic Mountain Range. – Gondwana Research, 74, 144-172. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2019.03.003
GORIČAN, Š., KARAMATA, S., & BATOĆANIN-SREĆKOVIĆ, D. (1999): Upper Triassic (Carnian–Norian) Radiolarians in cherts of Sjenica (SW Serbia) and the time span of the oceanic realm ancestor of the Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt. – Bulletin Classe des Sciences Mathѐmatiques et Naturelles Sciences Naturelles Academie Serbe des Sciences et des Arts, 39, 141–149.
GRILL, J. & KOZUR, H. (1986): First evidence on the Unuma echinatus radiolarian Zone in the Rudabánya Mts (Northern Hungary). – Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck, 13, 11, 239-275.
KARAMATA, S. (2006): The geological development of the Balkan Peninsula related to the approach, collision and compression of Gondwanan and Eurasian units. – In: ROBERTSON, A. H. F. & MOUNTRAKIS, D. (eds.): Tectonic development of the eastern mediterranean region. The Geological Society, London, special publications, 155–178. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.260.01.07
MISSONI, S., GAWLICK, H.-J., SUDAR, M.N., JOVANOVIĆ, D. & LEIN, R. (2012): Onset and demise of the Wetterstein Carbonate Platform in the mélange areas of the Zlatibor mountain (Sirogojno, SW Serbia). – Facies, 58, 95–111. doi: 10.1007/s10347-011-0274-0
O’DOGHERTY, L., BILL, M., GORIČAN, Š., DUMITRICA, P. & MASSON, H. (2006): Bathonian radiolarians from an ophiolitic mélange of the Alpine Tethys (Gets Nappe, Swiss-French Alps). – Micropaleontology, 51, 425–485. doi: 10.2113/gsmicropal.51.6.425
O'DOGHERTY, L., GORIČAN, Š. & GAWLICK, H.-J. (2017): Middle and Late Jurassic radiolarians from the Neotethys suture in the Eastern Alps. – Journal of Paleontology, 91, 1, 25–72. doi: 10.1017/jpa.2016.96
OBRADOVIĆ, J & GORIČAN, Š. (1988): Siliceous Deposits in Yugoslavia: Occurrences, Types, and Ages. In: HEIN, J.R. & OBRADOVIĆ, J. (Eds.). Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions. Springer, 51-64. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-3494-4_4
PANTIĆ, S. & RAMPHOUX, J.-P. (1972): Concerning the Triassic in the Yugoslavian inner Dinarids (Southern Serbia, eastern Montenegro): microfacies, microfaunas, an attempt to give a paleogeographic reconstitution. – Mitt. Ges. Geol. Bergbaust., 21, 311–326.
RADOIČIĆ, R., JOVANOVIĆ, D. & SUDAR, M. (2009): Stratigraphy of the Krš Gradac section (SW Serbia). – Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 70, 23-41. doi: 10.2298/GABP0970023R
RAMPNOUX, J.-P. (1970): Regards sur les Dinarides internes yougoslaves (Serbie-Monténégro oriental): stratigraphie, évolution paléogéographique, magmatisme. – Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr., 7, 12, 6, 948–966. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-XII.6.948
SCHMID, S., BERNOULLI, D., FÜGENSCHUH, B., MATENCO, L., SCHEFER, S., SCHUSTER, R., TISCHLER, M. & USTASZEWSKI, K. (2008): The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units. – Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 101, 139–183. doi: 10.1007/s00015-008-1247-3
SUDAR, M. & GAWLICK, H.-J. (2018): Emendation of the Grivska Formation in their type area (Dinaridic Ophiolite Belt, SW Serbia). – Geološki anali Balkanskoga poluostrva, 79, 1, 1–19. doi: 10.2298/GABP1879001S
SUDAR, M., GAWLICK, H.-J., LEIN, R., MISSONI, S., KOVÁCS, S. & JOVANOVIĆ, D. (2013): Depositional environment, age and facies of the Middle Triassic Bulog and Rid formations in the Inner Dinarides (Zlatibor Mountain, SW Serbia): evidence for the Anisian break-up of the Neotethys Ocean. – Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 269, 291–320. doi: 10.1127/0077-7749/2013/0352
SUZUKI, H., GAWLICK, H.-J. (2009): Jurassic radiolarians from cherty limestones below the Hallstatt salt mine (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria). – Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 251: 155–197. doi: 10.1127/0077-7749/2009/0251-0155
VISHNEVSKAYA, V., DJERIĆ, N. & ZAKARIADZE, G. S. (2009): New data on Mesozoic Radiolaria of Serbia and Bosnia, and implications for the age and evolution of oceanic volcanic rocks in the Central and Northern Balkans. – Lithos, 108, 1–4, 72–105. Doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.015