Laterally variable development of a basin-wide transgressive unit of the North Dalmatian foreland basin (Eocene, Dinarides, Croatia)
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Published:
Feb 9, 2012
Keywords:
Transgressive-regressive cycles, Transgressive limestones, Gravelly beach, Beachface sequence, Transgressive systems tract, Basin-wide correlation, Foreland basin, Dinarides
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Abstract
The Palaeogene Promina Beds (PB), exposed in the Dinaric coastal range, is about a 2km thick heterogeneous succession representing a late sedimentary fill of the North Dalmatian foreland basin. The paper focuses on the middle part of the PB represented by a prominent transgressive unit. The study of this unit is based on field mapping, logging and facies analysis, as well as the investigation of stratigraphic surfaces and facies successions. The unit extends for more than 63km, along the entire basin. Deposition began transgressively over both alluvial deposits of the Lower PB and older basin basement. Along its extent the studied unit may be represented either by stacked (high-frequency), marine transgressive-regressive cycles, by lacustrine deposits, mainly limestones, or by a single, marine limestone unit. An ideal transgressive-regressive cycle includes a transgressive segment of limestones, and a regressive segment of storm-wave dominated shelf to gravelly beachface (coarsening-upward) deposits. Gravelly beaches are represented by several types. One of them included the steeply inclined, lower beachface which is situated below the intertidal zone. The cycles are separated by lower-rank discontinuity surfaces (flooding surfaces), while their two segments are separated by a lower-rank transgressive-regressive turnaround surface. Lacustrine deposits originated due to a rise in groundwater induced by a sea-level rise basinwards. The deposition of a single limestone unit resulted from a transgressive onlap over uplifted, Eocene and Cretaceous carbonates of the basin basement. The end of the transgression is marked by condensation processes indicated by glauconite, skeletal debris, planktonic foraminifera and hardgrounds, and a major transgressive-regressive turnaround. The subsequent evolution is almost uniform along the entire extent of the studied unit, and includes shelf to delta and shelf to beach cycles of the highstand. The studied allostratigraphic unit is here given a formal name: the Novigrad Alloformation.
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References
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CLIFTON, H.E. (1981): Progradational sequences in Miocene shoreline deposits, southeastern Caliente Range, California.- J. Sediment. Petrol., 51/1, 165-184.
DUPRÉ, W. (1984): Reconstruction of paleo-wave conditions during the Late Pleistocene from marine terrace deposits, Monterey Bay, California.- Marine Geol., 60, 435-454.
FLÜGEL, E. (2004): Microfacies of Carbonate Rocks.- Springer, Berlin, 976 p.
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KORBAR, T. (2009): Orogenic evolution of the External Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region: a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates.- Earth-Sci. Reviews, 96/4, 296-312.
LEITHOLD, E.L. & BOURGEOIS, J. (1984): Characteristics of coarse-grained sequences deposited in nearshore, wave-dominated environments – examples from the Miocene of south-west Oregon.- Sedimentology, 31, 749-775.
LOUTIT, T.S., HARDENBOL, J., VAIL, P.R. & BAUM, G.R. (1988): Condensed sections: the key to age dating and correlation of continental margin sequences.- In: C.K. WILGUS, B.S. HASTINGS, C. G. ST. C. KENDALL, H.W. POSAMENTIER, C.A. ROSS & J.C. VAN WAGONER (eds) : Sea-Level Changes: an Integrated Approach. SEPM, Spec. Publ., 42, 183-213.
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MAMUŽIĆ, P. (1975): Osnovna geološka karta Jugoslavije
1:100.000, Tumač za list Šibenik (Basic Geological Map of Yugoslavia 100.000, Geology of the Šibenik sheet- in Croatian, English Abstract).- Geološki zavod, Zagreb, Savezni geološki zavod, Beograd, 37 p.
MARKOVIĆ, S. (2002): Hrvatske mineralne sirovine.- Institut za geološka istraživanja, Zagreb, 544 p.
MARINČIĆ, S. (1981): Eocenski fliš jadranskog pojasa (Eocene flysch of Adriatic area - in Croatian, English Abstr.).- Geol. vjesnik, 34, 27-38.
MASSARI, F. & PAREA, G.C. (1988): Progradational gravel beach sequences in a moderate- to high-energy, microtidal marine environment.- Sedimentology, 35, 881- 913.
MIALL, A.D. (2000): Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis.- 3. Ed., Springer, Berlin, 616 p.
MRINJEK, E. (2008): Excursion 3A, Split-Rab, Promina Beds in Canyon of Krka River and Bribirske Mostine. In: Marjanac, M., (Ed.), 5. Int. ProGEO Symp. Conserv. Geol. Heritage.- Rab, Guideb. ProGEO Croatia, Zagreb, 37-77.
MRINJEK, E., PENCINGER, V. (2008): Excursion 3B, Rab-Split, The Benkovac Stone - a building stone from the Promina Beds: A Late Eocene succession of storm-dominated shelf deposits with highly diverse trace fossils. In: Marjanac, M., (Ed.), 5. Int. ProGEO Symp. Conserv. Geol. Heritage.- Rab, Guideb. ProGEO Croatia, Zagreb, 105-125.
MRINJEK, E., PENCINGER, V., SREMAC, J. & LUKŠIĆ, B. (2005): The Benkovac Stone Member of the Promina Formation: a Late Eocene succession of storm-dominated shelf deposits.- Geol. Croat., 58, 163-184.
NEMEC, W. & STEEL, R.J. (1984): Alluvial and coastal conglomerates: their significant features and some comments on gravelly mass-flow deposits. In: KOSTER, E. H. & STEEL, R.J. (eds.): Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates.- Can. Soc. Petroleum Geol., Mem., 10, Calgary, 1-31,
NIKLER, L. (1982): Značaj i karakteristike smeđih ugljena Dalmacije (Importance and characteristics of the lignites of Dalmatia - in Croatian, English Abstr.).- Geol. vjesnik, 35, 181-194.
NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE (NACSN) (1983): North American Stratigraphic Code.- Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol. Bull., 67, 841-875.
PAVLOVEC, R. (1959): Zgornjeeocenska favna iz okolice Drniša (The Upper Eocene fauna from the surroundings of Drnis in Dalmatia - in Slovenian, English summary).- Dissertationes Acad. Sci. Art. Slov., Ljubljana, 349-416.
POSAMENTIER, H.W., ALLEN, G.P. (1993): Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphic patterns in foreland ramp-type basins.- Geology, 21/5, 455-458.
POSAMENTIER, H.W., ALLEN, G.P. (1999): Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy-Concepts and Applications.- SEPM Concepts in Sedimentology and Palaeontology, 7/5, 204 p.
PRELOGOVIĆ, E., PRIBIČEVIĆ, B., IVKOVIĆ, Ž., DRAGIČEVIĆ, I., BULJAN, R., TOMLJENOVIĆ, B. (2003): Recent structural fabric of the Dinarides and tectonically active zones important for petroleum-geological exploration in Croatia.- Nafta, 55/4, 155-161.
QUITZOW, H.W. (1941): Stratigraphisch-tektonische Untersuchungen im norddalmatinischen Alttertiär.- Jahrbuch der Reichsstelle fuer Bodenforschung, 62, 422-437.
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