Contribution to the knowledge of Cordaites species from the Kladno-Rakovník Basin, Middle Pennsylvanian (Bolsovian), Czech Republic
Article Sidebar
Published:
Jun 15, 2015
Keywords:
Cordaites, cuticular analysis, Central Bohemian basins, Carboniferous, Bolsovian
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract Newcollections from the spoil piles of the Theodor mine in Pchery and Schoellermine in Libušín (Kladno-Rakovník Basin, Czech Republic) yielded a new Cordaitesspecies and improved knowledge of the extent of the cuticular variabilityof the species Cordaites wartmannii Šimůnek.Based on cuticles, it has been proven that the species Cordaites polynervus Šimůnek is conspecific with Cordaiteskladnoensis Šimůnek. The newspecies, Cordaites theodorii Šimůnek& Haldovský sp. nov.,established on strongly papillate cuticles, is characterized by the presence ofsmall teeth on the leaf margin. This feature is new for the genus Cordaites.The palaeoecological significance of papillae on Cordaites cuticles isdiscussed. It is probably an adaptation to living on a peat substrate. Comparison of the species Cordaites wartmannii Šimůnek and Cordaites barthelii Šimůnek is made. Adaxial cuticles of Cordaiteskladnoensis and Cordaites wartmannii are so similar that it isdifficult to distinguish these species by means of the adaxial cuticle alone.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Article Details
Issue
Section
Original Scientific Papers
Authors have copyright and publishing rights on all published manuscripts.
References
BARTHEL, M. (1962):. Mikropaläobotanische Untersuchungen im Rotliegenden des Döhlener Beckens. Teil I.– Jahrbuch des Staatlichen Museums für Meneralogie und Geologie zu Dresden. 1962, 157–175.
BARTHEL, M. (1964): Coniferen und Cordaiten-Reste aus dem Rotliegenden des Döhlener Beckens. – Geologie, 13, 1, 60–89.
BASHFORTH A.R., CLEAL, C.J., GIBLING, M.R., FALCON-LANG, H.J. & MILLER R.F. (2014): Paleoecology of Early Pennsylvanian vegetation on a seasonally dry tropical landscape (Tynemouth Creek Formation, New Brunswick, Canada). – Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 200, 229–263.
BEK, J., OPLUŠTIL, S., DRÁBKOVÁ, J. & PŠENIČKA, J. (2015): The sub-arborescent lycopsid Omphalophloios feistmantelii (O. FEISTMANTEL) comb. nov. emend. from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic. Bulletin of Geosciences, 90, 2, xxx-xxx.
CLEAL, C. J. & THOMAS, B. A. (1995): Palaeozoic Palaeobotany of Great Britain. 295 p., Chapman & Hall. London.
COSTANZA, S.H. (1985): Pennsylvanioxylon of Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian coals from the Illinois Basin and its comparison with Mesoxylon.– Palaeontographica, Abt. B, 197, 81–121.
DIJKSTRA, S. J. & van AMEROM, H. W. J. (1998): Fossilium Catalogus II: Plantae. Pars 99, Backhuys Publishers, 1–195. Leiden.
DIMICHELE, W.A. (2014): Wetland-dryland vegetational dynamics in the Pennsylvanian ice age tropics.– International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175, 2, Special Issue, 123–164.
DIMICHELE, W.A. & PHILLIPS, T.L. (1994): Paleobotanical and paleoecological constraints on models of peat formation in the Late Carboniferous of Euramerica.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 106, 39–90.
DIMICHELE, W.A., CECIL, C.B., MONTAÑEZ, I.P. & FALCON-LANG, H.J. (2010): Cyclic changes in Pennsylvanian paleoclimate and effects on floristic dynamics in tropical Pangaea.– International Journal of Coal Geology, 83 (2–3), 329–344.
FALCON-LANG, H.J. (2003a): Late Carboniferous tropical dryland vegetation in an alluvialplain setting.– Joggins, Nova Scotia, Canada. Palaios, 18 (3), 197–211.
FALCON-LANG, H.J. (2003b): Anatomically preserved cordaitalean trees from a dryland alluvial plain setting, Joggins, Nova Scotia.– Atl. Geol., 39 (3), 259–265.
FALCON-LANG, H.J. & BASHFORTH, A.R. (2004): Pennsylvanian uplands were forested by giant cordaitalean trees.– Geology, 32 (5), 417–420.
FALCON-LANG, H.J., BENTON, M.J., BRADDY, S.J. & DAVIES, S.J. (2006): The Pennsylvanian tropical biome reconstructed from the Joggins Formation of Nova Scotia, Canada.– Journal of the Geological Society of London, 163, 561–576.
FALCON-LANG, H.J., JUD, N.A., NELSON, W.J., DIMICHELE, W.A., CHANEY, D.S. & LUCAS, S.G. (2011): Pennsylvanian coniferopsid forests in sabkha facies reveal the nature of seasonal tropical biomes.– Geology, 39 (4), 371–374.
FEISTMANTEL, O. (1876): Die Versteinerungen der Bőhmischen Kohlenablagerungen. III. Abteilung.– Palaeontographica, 23, 223–316.
FLORIN, R. (1931): Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Coniferales und Cordaitales.– Kunglige Svenska Vetenskapsakedemiens Handlingar, Tredje Serien, 10 (1), 1–588.
GASTALDO, R.A., PFEFFERKORN, H.W. & DIMICHELE, W.A. (1995): Taphonomic and sedimentologic characterization of roof-shale floras. In. LYONS, P.C. & MOREY, E.D., Wagner R.H. (eds.) Historical perspective of early twentieth century Carboniferous papeobotany in North America (W.C. Darrah volume) Boulder, Colorado.– Geological Society of America Memoir, 185, 341–352.
JONGMANS, W.J. & DIJKSTRA, S.J. (1968): Fossilium Catalogus, II: Plantae – Pars 70. Cordaitales 1, 1–112.
KERP, H. (1990): The Study of fossil gymnosperms by means of cuticular analysis.– Palaios, 5, 548–549.
KERP, H. & KRINGS, M. (1999): Light microscopy of fossil cuticles. – In: JONES, T.P. & ROWE, N.P. (eds.) Fossil plants and spores. Modern techniques. – Geological Society, London, pp. 52–56.
KRINGS, M. (2000): The use of biological stains in the analysis of the late Palaeozoic pteridosperm cuticles.–. Review of Palaebotany and Palynology, 108, 143–150.
KRINGS, M. & KERP, H. (1997): An improved method for obtaining large pteridosperm cuticles.– Review of Palaebotany and Palynology, 96, 453–456.
LIU, Z.-H., GENG, B.-Y., WANG, S.-J. & LI, C.-S. (1998): On Cordaites neimengensis sp. nov from Lower Permian of Zhungeerqi, Inner Mongolia, China.– Acta Botanica Sinica, 40, 4, 383–388.
MEYEN, S.V. (1984): Basic features of gymnosperm systematics and phylogeny as evidenced by the fossil record.– The Botanical Review, 50, 1, 1–112.
NĚMEJC, F. (1932): Stratigraphické výzkumy, konané s hlediska paleobotanického v uhelných revírech jižní části plzeňské kamenouhelné pánve v letech 1928–1932.– Hornický věstník, 14 (33), 241–245, 268–273, 295–300, 320–333, 345–350.
NĚMEJC, F. (1936): Studies on the Alethopterids of the Permocarboniferous of Central Bohemia (wwith remarks on forms collected in other Bohemian coal districts).– Vestník Královské České Společnosti Nauk, Tř. II, 1–18.
NĚMEJC, F. (1940): The Pecopterides of the coal districts of Bohemia.– Sborník Národního Muzea (Praha), ř. B, 1, 1–28.
NĚMEJC, F. (1947): The Lepidodendraceae of the coaldistricts of Central Bohemia (A preliminary study).– Sborník Národního Muzea (Praha), ř. B, 3 (2), 1–28.
OPLUŠTIL, S. (2005a): Evolution of the MiddleWestphalian river valley drainage system in central Bohemia (Czech Republic) and its palaeogeographic implication.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 222, 223–258.
OPLUŠTIL, S. (2005b): The effect of paleontography, tectonics and sediment suply on quality of coal seams in continental basins of central and western Bohemia (Westphalian), Czech Republic.– International Journal of Coal Geology, 64 (2005) 173–203 doi:10.1016/j.coal.2005.03.022
OPLUŠTIL, S., PŠENIČKA, J., LIBERTÍN, M. & ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2007): Vegetation paterns of Westphalian and Lower Stephanian mire assemblages preserved in tuff beds of the continental basins of Czech Republic.– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143, 107–154. DOI 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.004
OPLUŠTIL, S., PŠENIČKA, J., BEK, J. WANG, J., FENG, Z., LIBERTIN, M., ŠIMŮNEK, Z., BUREŠ, J. & DRÁBKOVÁ J. (2014): T0 peat-forming plant assemblage preserved in growth position by volcanic ash-fall: A case study from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic.– Bulletin of Geosciences, 89 (4), 773–818. DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.1499
PEŠEK, J. (1994):. Carboniferous of Central and Western Bohemia (Czech Republic). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. pp. 61.
POOLE, I. & KÜRSCHNER, W.M. (1999): Stomatal density and index: the practice. In: JONES, T.P. & ROWE, N.P. (eds.) Fossil plants and spores. Modern techniques. – Geological Society, London. pp. 257–260.
RAYMOND, A., LAMBERT, L., COSTANZA, S., SLONE, E.J. & CUTLIP, P.C. (2010): Cordaiteans in paleotropical wetlands: an ecological re-evaluation.– International Journal of Coal Geology, 83 (2–3), 248–265.
ROTHWELL, G.W. (1988): Cordaitales. In: BECK, C.B. (Ed.), Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 273–297.
SALISBURY, E.J. (1927): On the causes and ecological significance of stomatal frequency with special reference to the woodland flora.– Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) B, 216, 1–65.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2007): New classification of the genus Cordaites from the Carboniferous and Permian of the Bohemian Massif, based on cuticle micromorphology.– Acta Musei nationalis. Pragae, Series B., Historia Naturalis, 62 (3–4), 97–210.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2008): The Asturian and Cantabrian floral assemblages with Cordaites from the Plzeň Basin (Czech Republic) .– Studia Geologica Polonica, 129, 51–80.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2014): First cuticles of Cordaites Unger from the Stephanian B of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (Czech Republic). – Palaeontographica Abt. B, 290, 4–6, 127–139.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. & FLORJAN, S. (2013): The Pennsylvanian cordaitalean dispersed cuticles from the Upper Silesian Basin (Poland).– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 197, 26–49.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z., OPLUŠTIL, S. & DRÁBKOVÁ, J. (2009): Cordaites borassifolius (Sternberg) Unger (Cordaitales) from the Radnice Basin (Bolsovian, Czech Republic).– Bulletin of Geosciences, 84, 2, 301–336.
UNGER, F. (1850): Genera et Species Plantarum Fossilium. Wilhelmum Braumüller, Vienna, 627 p.
WAGNER, R.H. (1984): Megafloral zones of the Carboniferous.– Compte rendu 9e Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Washington, 1979), 2, pp. 109–134.
WARTMANN, R. (1969): Studie über die papillen-förmigen Verdickungen auf der Kutikule bei Cordaites an Material aus dem Westphal C des Saar-Karbons.– Argumenta Palaeobotanica, 3, 199–207.
WEITHOFER, K.A. (1902): Geologische skizze des Kladno-Rakonitzer Kohlenbeckens.– Verhandlungen K. K. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 399–420.
ZAJÍC, J. (2012): Otázka stáří nejvyšší části líňského souvrství (mšensko-roudnická pánev, Český masiv) – nové indicie z vrtu Be-1 Bechlín [Contribution to the question of age of the uppermost part of the Líně Formation (Mšeno-Roudnice Basin, Bohemian Massif)].– Zprávy o geologických výzkumech v roce 2011, 59–62.
ZODROW, E.L., ŠIMŮNEK, Z. & BASHFORTH, A.R. (2000): New cuticular morphotypes of „Cordaites principalis (GERMAR) GEINITZ“ from the Canadian Carboniferous Maritimes Basin.– Canadian Journal of Botany, 78, 2, 135–148.
BARTHEL, M. (1964): Coniferen und Cordaiten-Reste aus dem Rotliegenden des Döhlener Beckens. – Geologie, 13, 1, 60–89.
BASHFORTH A.R., CLEAL, C.J., GIBLING, M.R., FALCON-LANG, H.J. & MILLER R.F. (2014): Paleoecology of Early Pennsylvanian vegetation on a seasonally dry tropical landscape (Tynemouth Creek Formation, New Brunswick, Canada). – Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 200, 229–263.
BEK, J., OPLUŠTIL, S., DRÁBKOVÁ, J. & PŠENIČKA, J. (2015): The sub-arborescent lycopsid Omphalophloios feistmantelii (O. FEISTMANTEL) comb. nov. emend. from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic. Bulletin of Geosciences, 90, 2, xxx-xxx.
CLEAL, C. J. & THOMAS, B. A. (1995): Palaeozoic Palaeobotany of Great Britain. 295 p., Chapman & Hall. London.
COSTANZA, S.H. (1985): Pennsylvanioxylon of Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian coals from the Illinois Basin and its comparison with Mesoxylon.– Palaeontographica, Abt. B, 197, 81–121.
DIJKSTRA, S. J. & van AMEROM, H. W. J. (1998): Fossilium Catalogus II: Plantae. Pars 99, Backhuys Publishers, 1–195. Leiden.
DIMICHELE, W.A. (2014): Wetland-dryland vegetational dynamics in the Pennsylvanian ice age tropics.– International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175, 2, Special Issue, 123–164.
DIMICHELE, W.A. & PHILLIPS, T.L. (1994): Paleobotanical and paleoecological constraints on models of peat formation in the Late Carboniferous of Euramerica.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 106, 39–90.
DIMICHELE, W.A., CECIL, C.B., MONTAÑEZ, I.P. & FALCON-LANG, H.J. (2010): Cyclic changes in Pennsylvanian paleoclimate and effects on floristic dynamics in tropical Pangaea.– International Journal of Coal Geology, 83 (2–3), 329–344.
FALCON-LANG, H.J. (2003a): Late Carboniferous tropical dryland vegetation in an alluvialplain setting.– Joggins, Nova Scotia, Canada. Palaios, 18 (3), 197–211.
FALCON-LANG, H.J. (2003b): Anatomically preserved cordaitalean trees from a dryland alluvial plain setting, Joggins, Nova Scotia.– Atl. Geol., 39 (3), 259–265.
FALCON-LANG, H.J. & BASHFORTH, A.R. (2004): Pennsylvanian uplands were forested by giant cordaitalean trees.– Geology, 32 (5), 417–420.
FALCON-LANG, H.J., BENTON, M.J., BRADDY, S.J. & DAVIES, S.J. (2006): The Pennsylvanian tropical biome reconstructed from the Joggins Formation of Nova Scotia, Canada.– Journal of the Geological Society of London, 163, 561–576.
FALCON-LANG, H.J., JUD, N.A., NELSON, W.J., DIMICHELE, W.A., CHANEY, D.S. & LUCAS, S.G. (2011): Pennsylvanian coniferopsid forests in sabkha facies reveal the nature of seasonal tropical biomes.– Geology, 39 (4), 371–374.
FEISTMANTEL, O. (1876): Die Versteinerungen der Bőhmischen Kohlenablagerungen. III. Abteilung.– Palaeontographica, 23, 223–316.
FLORIN, R. (1931): Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Coniferales und Cordaitales.– Kunglige Svenska Vetenskapsakedemiens Handlingar, Tredje Serien, 10 (1), 1–588.
GASTALDO, R.A., PFEFFERKORN, H.W. & DIMICHELE, W.A. (1995): Taphonomic and sedimentologic characterization of roof-shale floras. In. LYONS, P.C. & MOREY, E.D., Wagner R.H. (eds.) Historical perspective of early twentieth century Carboniferous papeobotany in North America (W.C. Darrah volume) Boulder, Colorado.– Geological Society of America Memoir, 185, 341–352.
JONGMANS, W.J. & DIJKSTRA, S.J. (1968): Fossilium Catalogus, II: Plantae – Pars 70. Cordaitales 1, 1–112.
KERP, H. (1990): The Study of fossil gymnosperms by means of cuticular analysis.– Palaios, 5, 548–549.
KERP, H. & KRINGS, M. (1999): Light microscopy of fossil cuticles. – In: JONES, T.P. & ROWE, N.P. (eds.) Fossil plants and spores. Modern techniques. – Geological Society, London, pp. 52–56.
KRINGS, M. (2000): The use of biological stains in the analysis of the late Palaeozoic pteridosperm cuticles.–. Review of Palaebotany and Palynology, 108, 143–150.
KRINGS, M. & KERP, H. (1997): An improved method for obtaining large pteridosperm cuticles.– Review of Palaebotany and Palynology, 96, 453–456.
LIU, Z.-H., GENG, B.-Y., WANG, S.-J. & LI, C.-S. (1998): On Cordaites neimengensis sp. nov from Lower Permian of Zhungeerqi, Inner Mongolia, China.– Acta Botanica Sinica, 40, 4, 383–388.
MEYEN, S.V. (1984): Basic features of gymnosperm systematics and phylogeny as evidenced by the fossil record.– The Botanical Review, 50, 1, 1–112.
NĚMEJC, F. (1932): Stratigraphické výzkumy, konané s hlediska paleobotanického v uhelných revírech jižní části plzeňské kamenouhelné pánve v letech 1928–1932.– Hornický věstník, 14 (33), 241–245, 268–273, 295–300, 320–333, 345–350.
NĚMEJC, F. (1936): Studies on the Alethopterids of the Permocarboniferous of Central Bohemia (wwith remarks on forms collected in other Bohemian coal districts).– Vestník Královské České Společnosti Nauk, Tř. II, 1–18.
NĚMEJC, F. (1940): The Pecopterides of the coal districts of Bohemia.– Sborník Národního Muzea (Praha), ř. B, 1, 1–28.
NĚMEJC, F. (1947): The Lepidodendraceae of the coaldistricts of Central Bohemia (A preliminary study).– Sborník Národního Muzea (Praha), ř. B, 3 (2), 1–28.
OPLUŠTIL, S. (2005a): Evolution of the MiddleWestphalian river valley drainage system in central Bohemia (Czech Republic) and its palaeogeographic implication.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 222, 223–258.
OPLUŠTIL, S. (2005b): The effect of paleontography, tectonics and sediment suply on quality of coal seams in continental basins of central and western Bohemia (Westphalian), Czech Republic.– International Journal of Coal Geology, 64 (2005) 173–203 doi:10.1016/j.coal.2005.03.022
OPLUŠTIL, S., PŠENIČKA, J., LIBERTÍN, M. & ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2007): Vegetation paterns of Westphalian and Lower Stephanian mire assemblages preserved in tuff beds of the continental basins of Czech Republic.– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 143, 107–154. DOI 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.004
OPLUŠTIL, S., PŠENIČKA, J., BEK, J. WANG, J., FENG, Z., LIBERTIN, M., ŠIMŮNEK, Z., BUREŠ, J. & DRÁBKOVÁ J. (2014): T0 peat-forming plant assemblage preserved in growth position by volcanic ash-fall: A case study from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic.– Bulletin of Geosciences, 89 (4), 773–818. DOI 10.3140/bull.geosci.1499
PEŠEK, J. (1994):. Carboniferous of Central and Western Bohemia (Czech Republic). Czech Geological Survey, Prague. pp. 61.
POOLE, I. & KÜRSCHNER, W.M. (1999): Stomatal density and index: the practice. In: JONES, T.P. & ROWE, N.P. (eds.) Fossil plants and spores. Modern techniques. – Geological Society, London. pp. 257–260.
RAYMOND, A., LAMBERT, L., COSTANZA, S., SLONE, E.J. & CUTLIP, P.C. (2010): Cordaiteans in paleotropical wetlands: an ecological re-evaluation.– International Journal of Coal Geology, 83 (2–3), 248–265.
ROTHWELL, G.W. (1988): Cordaitales. In: BECK, C.B. (Ed.), Origin and Evolution of Gymnosperms. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 273–297.
SALISBURY, E.J. (1927): On the causes and ecological significance of stomatal frequency with special reference to the woodland flora.– Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) B, 216, 1–65.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2007): New classification of the genus Cordaites from the Carboniferous and Permian of the Bohemian Massif, based on cuticle micromorphology.– Acta Musei nationalis. Pragae, Series B., Historia Naturalis, 62 (3–4), 97–210.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2008): The Asturian and Cantabrian floral assemblages with Cordaites from the Plzeň Basin (Czech Republic) .– Studia Geologica Polonica, 129, 51–80.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. (2014): First cuticles of Cordaites Unger from the Stephanian B of the Krkonoše Piedmont Basin (Czech Republic). – Palaeontographica Abt. B, 290, 4–6, 127–139.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z. & FLORJAN, S. (2013): The Pennsylvanian cordaitalean dispersed cuticles from the Upper Silesian Basin (Poland).– Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 197, 26–49.
ŠIMŮNEK, Z., OPLUŠTIL, S. & DRÁBKOVÁ, J. (2009): Cordaites borassifolius (Sternberg) Unger (Cordaitales) from the Radnice Basin (Bolsovian, Czech Republic).– Bulletin of Geosciences, 84, 2, 301–336.
UNGER, F. (1850): Genera et Species Plantarum Fossilium. Wilhelmum Braumüller, Vienna, 627 p.
WAGNER, R.H. (1984): Megafloral zones of the Carboniferous.– Compte rendu 9e Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (Washington, 1979), 2, pp. 109–134.
WARTMANN, R. (1969): Studie über die papillen-förmigen Verdickungen auf der Kutikule bei Cordaites an Material aus dem Westphal C des Saar-Karbons.– Argumenta Palaeobotanica, 3, 199–207.
WEITHOFER, K.A. (1902): Geologische skizze des Kladno-Rakonitzer Kohlenbeckens.– Verhandlungen K. K. Geologischen Reichsanstalt, 399–420.
ZAJÍC, J. (2012): Otázka stáří nejvyšší části líňského souvrství (mšensko-roudnická pánev, Český masiv) – nové indicie z vrtu Be-1 Bechlín [Contribution to the question of age of the uppermost part of the Líně Formation (Mšeno-Roudnice Basin, Bohemian Massif)].– Zprávy o geologických výzkumech v roce 2011, 59–62.
ZODROW, E.L., ŠIMŮNEK, Z. & BASHFORTH, A.R. (2000): New cuticular morphotypes of „Cordaites principalis (GERMAR) GEINITZ“ from the Canadian Carboniferous Maritimes Basin.– Canadian Journal of Botany, 78, 2, 135–148.