The trace fossil Cardioichnus planus from the lower Miocene of Algeria: the first record from Africa and a probable endemic tracemaker
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Published:
Jun 30, 2021
Keywords:
Cardioichnus planus, resting trace, Echinocardium nummuliticum, lower Miocene, Algeria
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Abstract
Abundant Cardioichnus planus SMITH & CRIMES, 1983 have been reported for the first time from Africa. They occur in lower Miocene deep-marine deposits near Tiaret in northwestern Algeria. Morphological features of the trace, coupled with the spatial interrelationships between Cardioichnus and the echinoids documented in this area, provide evidence that the endemic spatangoid Echinocardium nummuliticum PÉRON & GAUTHIER, 1885 represents the tracemaker of the studied C. planus. Cardioichnus is known from the upper Jurassic to the Pleistocene and it has a wide geographic and environmental distribution.
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References
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BERNARDI, M., BOSCHELE, S., FERRETTI, P. & AVANZINI, M. (2010): Echinoid burrow Bichordites monastiriensis from the Oligocene of NE Italy.– Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55, 479–486.
BOUCHEMLA, I., BENDELLA, M., BENYOUCEF, M., LAGNAOUI, A., FERRÉ, B., SCHERZINGER, A. & BEL HAOUZ, W. (2020): The Upper Jurassic Faïdja Formation (Northwestern Algeria): Sedimentology, biostratigraphy and ichnology.– Journal of African Earth Sciences, 169, 103874.
BRUSTUR, T. (1996): The stages of the paleoichnological studies in Romania.– Geo- Eco-Marina, 2, 205–216.
BRUSTUR, T. (2005): The ichnogenus Cardioichnus from the Vineţişu Formation (Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene, Romania).– Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series B, 2, 51–53.
BUATOIS, L.A., MÁNGANO, M.G. & SYLVESTER, Z. (2001): A diverse deep-marine ichnofauna from the Eocene Tarcau Sandstone of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania.– Ichnos, 8, 23–62. doi: 10.1080/10420940109380172
BUATOIS, L.A. & MÁNGANO, M.G. (2018): The other biodiversity record: Innovations in animal-substrate interactions through geologic time.– GSA Today, 28/10, 4–10. doi: 10.1130/GSATG371A.1
CARUSO, C. & MONACO, P. (2015): Bichordites monastiriensis ichnofabric from the Pleistocene shallow-marine sandstones at Le Castella (Crotone), Ionian Calabria, southern Italy.– Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia, 121/3, 381–397. doi: 10.13130/2039-4942/6524
CHERIF, A., BERT, D., BENHAMOU, M. & BENYOUCEF, M. (2015): La formation des Argiles de Saïda (Jurassique supérieur) dans le domaine tlemcenien oriental (Takhemaret, Algérie) : données biostratigraphiques, ichnologiques et sédimentologiques.– Revue de Paléobiologie, 34/2, 363–384.
CHERIF, A., BENYOUCEF, M., FERRE, B. & BENHAMOU, M. (2018): Etude sédimentologique et ichnologique de la Formation des Argiles de Saïda (Jurassique supérieur) dans les monts de Frenda (Algérie nord-occidentale).– Revue de Paléobiologie, 37/1, 121–135.
CHERIF, A., NAIMI, M.N. & BELAID, M. (2021): Deep-sea trace fossils and depositional model from the lower Miocene Tiaret Marl Formation (northwestern Algeria).– Journal of African Earth Sciences, 175, 104115. doi: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104115
COTTEAU, G., PERON, A. & GAUTHIER, V. (1885): Echinides fossiles de l’Algérie: terrains tertiaires.– Masson Edition, Paris, 273 p.
DALLONI, M. (1936): Matériaux pour l’étude géologique du massif de l’Ouarsenis.– Bulletin du Service de la Carte Géologique de l’Algérie, 2, 1–41.
DERKAOUI, S. (2017): Etude paléontologique, ichnologique et sédimentologique de la série Miocène inférieur/moyen de Kef Ighoud (Ouarsenis oriental, Algérie).– Unpubl. MSc Thesis, University of Oran 2, 65 p.
GIANNETTI, A., MONACO, P., CORBÍ, H. & SORIA, J.M. (2014): Integrated taphonomy in an open-marine platform: The Lower Cretaceous of Sierra Helada (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain).– Cretaceous Research, 51, 274–284. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2014.07.001
GIBERT, J.M. DE & MARTINELL, J. (1995): Sedimentary substrate and trace fossil assemblages in marine Pliocene deposits in Northeast Spain.– Geobios, 28/supp.1, 197–206. doi: 10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80166-9
GIBERT, J.M. DE & MARTINELL, J. (1999): Proximal-distal variations of trace fossil assemblages in a Pliocene ria, Baix Llobregat, Northeastern Spain.– Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 12/2, 209–214.
GIBERT, J.M. DE & ROBLES, J.M. (2005): Firmground ichnofacies recording highmarine flooding events (Langhian transgression, Vallès-Pendès Basin, Spain).– Geologica Acta, 3, 295–305.
GIBERT, J.M. DE & GOLDRING, R. (2008): Spatangoid-produced ichnofabrics (Bateig Limestone, Miocene, Spain) and the preservation of spatangoid trace fossils.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 270/3–4, 299–310. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.01.031
HALAMSKI, A.T. & CHERIF, A. (2017): Oxfordian brachiopods from the Saïda and Frenda mountains (Tlemcenian Domain, north-western Algeria).– Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 87, 141–156. doi: 10.14241/asgp.2017.006
KAPPUS, E.J. & LUCAS, S.G. (2019): A New Ichnospecies of Cardioichnus from the Cretaceous (Albian) of New Mexico.– Ichnos, 26, 127–133.
KAPPUS, E.J. & LUCAS, S.G. (2020): Ichnology of the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Mesilla Valley Formation, Cerro de Cristo Rey, southeastern New Mexico, USA.– New Mexico Geology, 42, 3–30.
KROH, A. (2007): Hemipatagus, a misinterpreted Loveniid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea).– Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5/2, 163–192. doi: 10.1017/S1477201906002021
KSIĄŻKIEWICZ, M. (1977): Trace fossils in the Flysch of the Polish Carpathians.–Palaeontologia Polonica, 36, 1– 208.
LÓPEZ-CABRERA, M.I., OLIVERO, E.B., CARMONA, N.B. & PONCE, J.J. (2008): Cenozoic trace fossils of the Cruziana, Zoophycos and Nereites ichnofacies from Fuegian Andes, Argentina.– Ameghiniana, 45/2, 377–392.
MATTAUER, M. (1958): Etude géologique de l’ouarsenis oriental (Algérie).– Bulletin du Service Géologique de l’Algérie, 17, 1–534.
MANLEY, R. & LEWIS, D.E. (1998): Ichnocoenoses of the Mount Messenger Formation, a Miocene submarine fan system, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.– New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 41/1, 15–33. doi: 10.1080/00288306.1998.9514787
MAYORAL, E. & MUÑIZ, F. (2001): New Ichnospecies of Cardioichnus from the Miocene of the Guadalquivir Basin, Huelva, Spain.– Ichnos, 8/1, 69–76. doi: 10.1080/10420940109380174
MAYORAL, E., LEDESMA-VAZQUEZ, J., BAARLI, B.G., SANTOS, A., ROMALHO, R., CACHÃO, M., DA SILVA, C.M. & JOHNSON, M.E. (2013): Ichnology in oceanic islands: case studies from the Cape Verde Archipelago.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 381–382, 47–66. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.04.014
MCKINNEY, M.L. (1986): Ecological causation of heterochrony: a test and implications for evolutionary theory.– Paleobiology, 12/3, 282–289. doi: 10.1017/S0094837300013786
MONACO, P., GIANNETTI, A., CARACUEL, J.E. & YÉBENES, A. (2005): Lower Cretaceous (Albian) shell-armoured and associated echinoid trace fossils from the Sácaras Formation, Serra Gelada area, southeast Spain.– Lethaia, 38/4, 333–344. doi: 10.1080/00241160500355277
MONACO, P., RODRÍGUEZ-TOVAR, F. & UCHMAN, A. (2017): The ichnocoenosis of the bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) deposits: a case study from the Scaglia Toscana Formation (Paleogene, central Italy).– Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 56/2, 243–251. doi: :10.4435/BSPI.2017.13
NAIMI, M.N. & CHERIF, A. (2021a): Ichnological analysis of the late Miocene shallow marine diatomaceous deposits of the Lower Chelif basin (northwestern Algeria): Paleoenvironmental insights and comparison with deep diatomites.– Journal of African Earth Sciences, 104239.
NAIMI, M.N. & CHERIF, A. (2021b): Inventory and assessment of significant scientific Algerian geoheritage: Case of remarkable geosites from Orania (Western Algeria). – International Journal of Geoheritage and parks, 9, 13–29.
NAIMI, M.N., MANSOUR, B., CHERIF, A., CHEKKALI, M.C., BENKHEDDA, A. & BELAID, M. (2020): Lithostratigraphie et paléoenvironnements des dépôts messiniens de la terminaison nord-orientale des monts des Ouled Ali (bassin du Bas Chélif, Algérie nord-occidentale).– Revue de Paléobiologie, 39, 467–483.
NAIMI, M.N., VINN, O. & CHERIF, A. (2021): Bioerosion in Ostrea lamellosa shells from the Messinian of the Tafna basin (NW Algeria).– Carnets de Géologie, 21/5, 127–135.
PLAZIAT, J.C. & MAHMOUDI, M. (1988): Trace fossils attributed to burrowing echinoids: A revision including new ichnogenus and ichnospecies.– Geobios, 21/2, 209–233. doi: 10.1016/S0016-6995(88)80019-6
POLVECHE, J. (1960): Contribution à l’étude géologique de l’Ouarsenis oranais.– Bulletin du Service de la Carte Géologique de l’Algérie, 24, 1–577.
POMEL, A. (1885): Les échinides du Kef Ighoud.– Matériaux pour la carte géologique de l’Algérie, Algiers, 31 p.
POMEL, A. (1887): Echinodermes, fascicule 2.– Paléontologie ou description des animaux fossiles de l’Algérie, Algiers, 344 p.
RAJCHEL, J. & UCHMAN, A. (2012): Ichnology of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea thickbedded flysch sandstones: Lower Istebna Beds, Silesian Unit (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland).– Geologica Carpathica, 63/2, 107–120. doi: 10.2478/v10096-012-0009-3
RIAHI, S., UCHMAN, A., STOW, D., SOUSSI, M. & BEN ISMAIL LATTRACHE, K. (2014): Deep-sea trace fossils of the Oligocene-Miocene Numidian Formation, northern Tunisia.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 414/15, 155–177. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.010
SMITH, A.B. & CRIMES, T.P. (1983): Trace fossils formed by heart urchins – a study of Scolicia and related traces.– Lethaia, 16, 79–92. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.010
TCHOUMATCHENCO, P. & UCHMAN, A. (2001): The oldest deep-sea Ophiomorpha and Scolicia and associated trace fossils from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deep-water turbidite deposits of SW Bulgaria.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 169/1–2, 85–99. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00218-8
UCHMAN, A. & KRENMAYR, H.G. (1995): Trace fossils from Lower Miocene (Ottnangian) molasse deposits of Upper Austria.– Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 69/3, 503–524. doi: 10.1007/BF02987810
UCHMAN, A. (2007a): Deep-sea trace fossils from the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic flysch of the Monte Antola Formation (Late Campanian–Maastrichtian), North Apennines, Italy.– Cretaceous Research, 28/6, 980–1004. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2007.01.005
UCHMAN, A. (2007b): Trace fossils of the Pagliaro Formation (Paleocene) in the North Apennines, Italy.– Beringeria, 37, 217–237.
VILLEGAS-MARTÍN, J., NETTO, R.G., LAVINA, E.L.C. & ROJAS-CONSUEGRA, R. (2014): Ichnofabrics of the Capdevila Formation (early Eocene) in the Los Palacios Basin (western Cuba): Paleoenvironmental and paleoecological implications.– Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 56, 214–227. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2014.09.006
BELAID, M., CHERIF, A., VINN, O. & NAIMI, M.N. (2020): First record of trace fossils from the Oxfordian Argiles rouges de Kheneg Formation (Tiaret, northwestern Algeria).– Geologia Croatica, 73/2, 85–94. doi: 10.4154/gc.2020.10
BERNARDI, M., BOSCHELE, S., FERRETTI, P. & AVANZINI, M. (2010): Echinoid burrow Bichordites monastiriensis from the Oligocene of NE Italy.– Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55, 479–486.
BOUCHEMLA, I., BENDELLA, M., BENYOUCEF, M., LAGNAOUI, A., FERRÉ, B., SCHERZINGER, A. & BEL HAOUZ, W. (2020): The Upper Jurassic Faïdja Formation (Northwestern Algeria): Sedimentology, biostratigraphy and ichnology.– Journal of African Earth Sciences, 169, 103874.
BRUSTUR, T. (1996): The stages of the paleoichnological studies in Romania.– Geo- Eco-Marina, 2, 205–216.
BRUSTUR, T. (2005): The ichnogenus Cardioichnus from the Vineţişu Formation (Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene, Romania).– Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series B, 2, 51–53.
BUATOIS, L.A., MÁNGANO, M.G. & SYLVESTER, Z. (2001): A diverse deep-marine ichnofauna from the Eocene Tarcau Sandstone of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania.– Ichnos, 8, 23–62. doi: 10.1080/10420940109380172
BUATOIS, L.A. & MÁNGANO, M.G. (2018): The other biodiversity record: Innovations in animal-substrate interactions through geologic time.– GSA Today, 28/10, 4–10. doi: 10.1130/GSATG371A.1
CARUSO, C. & MONACO, P. (2015): Bichordites monastiriensis ichnofabric from the Pleistocene shallow-marine sandstones at Le Castella (Crotone), Ionian Calabria, southern Italy.– Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigraphia, 121/3, 381–397. doi: 10.13130/2039-4942/6524
CHERIF, A., BERT, D., BENHAMOU, M. & BENYOUCEF, M. (2015): La formation des Argiles de Saïda (Jurassique supérieur) dans le domaine tlemcenien oriental (Takhemaret, Algérie) : données biostratigraphiques, ichnologiques et sédimentologiques.– Revue de Paléobiologie, 34/2, 363–384.
CHERIF, A., BENYOUCEF, M., FERRE, B. & BENHAMOU, M. (2018): Etude sédimentologique et ichnologique de la Formation des Argiles de Saïda (Jurassique supérieur) dans les monts de Frenda (Algérie nord-occidentale).– Revue de Paléobiologie, 37/1, 121–135.
CHERIF, A., NAIMI, M.N. & BELAID, M. (2021): Deep-sea trace fossils and depositional model from the lower Miocene Tiaret Marl Formation (northwestern Algeria).– Journal of African Earth Sciences, 175, 104115. doi: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104115
COTTEAU, G., PERON, A. & GAUTHIER, V. (1885): Echinides fossiles de l’Algérie: terrains tertiaires.– Masson Edition, Paris, 273 p.
DALLONI, M. (1936): Matériaux pour l’étude géologique du massif de l’Ouarsenis.– Bulletin du Service de la Carte Géologique de l’Algérie, 2, 1–41.
DERKAOUI, S. (2017): Etude paléontologique, ichnologique et sédimentologique de la série Miocène inférieur/moyen de Kef Ighoud (Ouarsenis oriental, Algérie).– Unpubl. MSc Thesis, University of Oran 2, 65 p.
GIANNETTI, A., MONACO, P., CORBÍ, H. & SORIA, J.M. (2014): Integrated taphonomy in an open-marine platform: The Lower Cretaceous of Sierra Helada (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain).– Cretaceous Research, 51, 274–284. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2014.07.001
GIBERT, J.M. DE & MARTINELL, J. (1995): Sedimentary substrate and trace fossil assemblages in marine Pliocene deposits in Northeast Spain.– Geobios, 28/supp.1, 197–206. doi: 10.1016/S0016-6995(95)80166-9
GIBERT, J.M. DE & MARTINELL, J. (1999): Proximal-distal variations of trace fossil assemblages in a Pliocene ria, Baix Llobregat, Northeastern Spain.– Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 12/2, 209–214.
GIBERT, J.M. DE & ROBLES, J.M. (2005): Firmground ichnofacies recording highmarine flooding events (Langhian transgression, Vallès-Pendès Basin, Spain).– Geologica Acta, 3, 295–305.
GIBERT, J.M. DE & GOLDRING, R. (2008): Spatangoid-produced ichnofabrics (Bateig Limestone, Miocene, Spain) and the preservation of spatangoid trace fossils.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 270/3–4, 299–310. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.01.031
HALAMSKI, A.T. & CHERIF, A. (2017): Oxfordian brachiopods from the Saïda and Frenda mountains (Tlemcenian Domain, north-western Algeria).– Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 87, 141–156. doi: 10.14241/asgp.2017.006
KAPPUS, E.J. & LUCAS, S.G. (2019): A New Ichnospecies of Cardioichnus from the Cretaceous (Albian) of New Mexico.– Ichnos, 26, 127–133.
KAPPUS, E.J. & LUCAS, S.G. (2020): Ichnology of the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Mesilla Valley Formation, Cerro de Cristo Rey, southeastern New Mexico, USA.– New Mexico Geology, 42, 3–30.
KROH, A. (2007): Hemipatagus, a misinterpreted Loveniid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea).– Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 5/2, 163–192. doi: 10.1017/S1477201906002021
KSIĄŻKIEWICZ, M. (1977): Trace fossils in the Flysch of the Polish Carpathians.–Palaeontologia Polonica, 36, 1– 208.
LÓPEZ-CABRERA, M.I., OLIVERO, E.B., CARMONA, N.B. & PONCE, J.J. (2008): Cenozoic trace fossils of the Cruziana, Zoophycos and Nereites ichnofacies from Fuegian Andes, Argentina.– Ameghiniana, 45/2, 377–392.
MATTAUER, M. (1958): Etude géologique de l’ouarsenis oriental (Algérie).– Bulletin du Service Géologique de l’Algérie, 17, 1–534.
MANLEY, R. & LEWIS, D.E. (1998): Ichnocoenoses of the Mount Messenger Formation, a Miocene submarine fan system, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.– New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 41/1, 15–33. doi: 10.1080/00288306.1998.9514787
MAYORAL, E. & MUÑIZ, F. (2001): New Ichnospecies of Cardioichnus from the Miocene of the Guadalquivir Basin, Huelva, Spain.– Ichnos, 8/1, 69–76. doi: 10.1080/10420940109380174
MAYORAL, E., LEDESMA-VAZQUEZ, J., BAARLI, B.G., SANTOS, A., ROMALHO, R., CACHÃO, M., DA SILVA, C.M. & JOHNSON, M.E. (2013): Ichnology in oceanic islands: case studies from the Cape Verde Archipelago.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 381–382, 47–66. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.04.014
MCKINNEY, M.L. (1986): Ecological causation of heterochrony: a test and implications for evolutionary theory.– Paleobiology, 12/3, 282–289. doi: 10.1017/S0094837300013786
MONACO, P., GIANNETTI, A., CARACUEL, J.E. & YÉBENES, A. (2005): Lower Cretaceous (Albian) shell-armoured and associated echinoid trace fossils from the Sácaras Formation, Serra Gelada area, southeast Spain.– Lethaia, 38/4, 333–344. doi: 10.1080/00241160500355277
MONACO, P., RODRÍGUEZ-TOVAR, F. & UCHMAN, A. (2017): The ichnocoenosis of the bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) deposits: a case study from the Scaglia Toscana Formation (Paleogene, central Italy).– Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 56/2, 243–251. doi: :10.4435/BSPI.2017.13
NAIMI, M.N. & CHERIF, A. (2021a): Ichnological analysis of the late Miocene shallow marine diatomaceous deposits of the Lower Chelif basin (northwestern Algeria): Paleoenvironmental insights and comparison with deep diatomites.– Journal of African Earth Sciences, 104239.
NAIMI, M.N. & CHERIF, A. (2021b): Inventory and assessment of significant scientific Algerian geoheritage: Case of remarkable geosites from Orania (Western Algeria). – International Journal of Geoheritage and parks, 9, 13–29.
NAIMI, M.N., MANSOUR, B., CHERIF, A., CHEKKALI, M.C., BENKHEDDA, A. & BELAID, M. (2020): Lithostratigraphie et paléoenvironnements des dépôts messiniens de la terminaison nord-orientale des monts des Ouled Ali (bassin du Bas Chélif, Algérie nord-occidentale).– Revue de Paléobiologie, 39, 467–483.
NAIMI, M.N., VINN, O. & CHERIF, A. (2021): Bioerosion in Ostrea lamellosa shells from the Messinian of the Tafna basin (NW Algeria).– Carnets de Géologie, 21/5, 127–135.
PLAZIAT, J.C. & MAHMOUDI, M. (1988): Trace fossils attributed to burrowing echinoids: A revision including new ichnogenus and ichnospecies.– Geobios, 21/2, 209–233. doi: 10.1016/S0016-6995(88)80019-6
POLVECHE, J. (1960): Contribution à l’étude géologique de l’Ouarsenis oranais.– Bulletin du Service de la Carte Géologique de l’Algérie, 24, 1–577.
POMEL, A. (1885): Les échinides du Kef Ighoud.– Matériaux pour la carte géologique de l’Algérie, Algiers, 31 p.
POMEL, A. (1887): Echinodermes, fascicule 2.– Paléontologie ou description des animaux fossiles de l’Algérie, Algiers, 344 p.
RAJCHEL, J. & UCHMAN, A. (2012): Ichnology of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea thickbedded flysch sandstones: Lower Istebna Beds, Silesian Unit (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland).– Geologica Carpathica, 63/2, 107–120. doi: 10.2478/v10096-012-0009-3
RIAHI, S., UCHMAN, A., STOW, D., SOUSSI, M. & BEN ISMAIL LATTRACHE, K. (2014): Deep-sea trace fossils of the Oligocene-Miocene Numidian Formation, northern Tunisia.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 414/15, 155–177. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.010
SMITH, A.B. & CRIMES, T.P. (1983): Trace fossils formed by heart urchins – a study of Scolicia and related traces.– Lethaia, 16, 79–92. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.08.010
TCHOUMATCHENCO, P. & UCHMAN, A. (2001): The oldest deep-sea Ophiomorpha and Scolicia and associated trace fossils from the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deep-water turbidite deposits of SW Bulgaria.– Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 169/1–2, 85–99. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00218-8
UCHMAN, A. & KRENMAYR, H.G. (1995): Trace fossils from Lower Miocene (Ottnangian) molasse deposits of Upper Austria.– Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 69/3, 503–524. doi: 10.1007/BF02987810
UCHMAN, A. (2007a): Deep-sea trace fossils from the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic flysch of the Monte Antola Formation (Late Campanian–Maastrichtian), North Apennines, Italy.– Cretaceous Research, 28/6, 980–1004. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2007.01.005
UCHMAN, A. (2007b): Trace fossils of the Pagliaro Formation (Paleocene) in the North Apennines, Italy.– Beringeria, 37, 217–237.
VILLEGAS-MARTÍN, J., NETTO, R.G., LAVINA, E.L.C. & ROJAS-CONSUEGRA, R. (2014): Ichnofabrics of the Capdevila Formation (early Eocene) in the Los Palacios Basin (western Cuba): Paleoenvironmental and paleoecological implications.– Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 56, 214–227. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2014.09.006